Water and Sanitation Local Cooperation's RSIP
Annotated content page RSIP(Note for the reader; this annotated content page has been developed to facilitate the development of the Resilience and Service Improvement Plan (RSIP) report
1 Summary of the plan
This section provides a brief summary of the main problems and actions that were identified to enhance the performance of the utility and improve its resilience. The summary presents the main problems and solutions that have been identified related to the financial, administrative and technical performance, whilst also looking at possible environmental and man-made threats (Table 1).This section visualizes a brief summery for the main problems and procedures that were identified to enhance the performance of the utilities and improve its resilience plan. The summery also demonstrates main problems and the optimal solutions that have been identified regarding Financial, administrative and technical performance. It also highlights the possible environmental and humanitarian threats.
Table 1 Summary of main problems, proposed actions and time frame
The main problems and proposed actions are briefly presented below under three* main subheadings:
Financial, administrative and consumer related risks
Risk and intervention 1: …….. (just the name or a brief explanation of the problem; followed by the proposed intervention in a little more detail than indicated in the table)
Risk and intervention 2: …..
Risk and intervention 3: ……
Technical risks
Risk and intervention 1: …….
Risk and intervention 2: ……..
Risk and intervention 3: …….
This summery will very much help sharing the planned activities with different actors.
| 1 | Operating cost have strongly increased due to war related problems (Fuel price high, blackouts) making that institution cannot fulfil its obligations (Water Tariff) | |
| 2 | Significantly high indebtedness (increasing debt) to government agencies and the government's failure to meet the indebtedness | |
| 3 | The investment program has stopped and Out of stock (spare parts ...)And reducing potential external support from donor organizations | |
| 4 | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | |
| 5 | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | |
| 6 | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | |
| 7 | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | |
| 8 | The inability to cover services in a timely manner due to the scarcity of resources and the design capacity of the pumping line and its deterioration and the collection tanks in the project and the increase in beneficiaries by 50% | intolerable risk |
| 9 | Frequent breakdown and deterioration of pumps | intolerable risk |
| 10 | The laboratory has completely stopped working due to worn out equipment | intolerable risk |
| 11 | High percentage of parked meters | high risk |
| 12 | High percentage of parked meters | high risk |
| 13 | High percentage of parked meters | high risk |
| 14 | High percentage of parked meters | high risk |
| 15 | Deterioration of main lines and networks as a result of torrential rains and virtual lives And the design capacity of the carrier network diameters is no longer commensurate with the expansion and the increase of subscribers and lack of tendencies in some areas | intolerable risk |
| 16 | Construction waste, oil, hospitals and slaughterhouses cause sewage blockages and poor treatment | high risk |
| 17 | Effluent of WWTP is reused in agriculture which presents a risk , a threat to the springs near agricultural lands | high risk |
| 18 | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | high risk |
| 19 | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | high risk |
| 20 | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | high risk |
| 21 | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | high risk |
2 Introduction
The resilience and service improvement plan (RSIP) for the water utility ……….. was developed in ….., by a small team of .. persons (Annex 1). It presents an overview of the water supply and sewerage system, its main components, and the main problems related to the performance of the organization and the risks that have been identified related to the water quality, quantity and continuity of the water supply waste water services. It outlines the envisaged actions that have been prioritised to be implemented to enhance performance and improve resilience to respond to natural and manmade disasters. It includes a time frame, an indication of responsible actors, and provides a brief description of the monitoring and review process that is envisaged. The plan also looks at the risks related to the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 virus.
Revise text: Whereas there is no indication of transmission of this virus through water supply, the pandemic may cause serious disruptions in system operations This may include shortage of staff, power disruptions, and shortages of chemicals and other supplies, caused for example by Government directives. Protecting the health and safety of employees needs to be emphasized in the risk mitigation plan to ensure that essential functions can be maintained..
The RSIP was approved by …. on …. (date), and will be reviewed on …. (date)
Table 2. Basic information about the utility and its customers
This section provides basic information of the water utility and its customers (Table 2)
| Name of the utility | Hajjah Water & Sanitation Local Corporation |
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| City/Governorate | Hajjah |
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| City Population | 155,000 |
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| Number of customers (water supply / wastewater) | Water 8912 – Wastewater 4827 (W 153000-WW 92000) |
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| Water supply/ Waste water coverage | Water 99% - Wastewater 60% |
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| How many internally displaced persons (IDP) are served by the system (and % of IDP in area) | (IDP70,000) - (45%) |
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| Per capita water demand (l/c/d) | 40 |
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| Average water demand (m3/day)Untitled | 6200 |
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| Average water production (m3/day) | 2860 |
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| Average water volume billed (m3/day) | 2503 |
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| Per capita consumption (l/c/d), (billed) | 16 |
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| Operating hours/day and day/week | 15h/d -7d/w |
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| Main Power source | Electric generators |
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| Number of staff | 147 |
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| Non-revenue water (NRW) (%) | 20.86% |
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| Average volume of waste water produced (m3/day) | 1780 |
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| Average volume of waste water treated (m3/day) | 1780 |
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Table 3a. Financial performance of the water branch of the utility
Financial performance of the water branch of the utility
| Rate revenues(metered) per year | 136,760,686 YER - 227,934.48$ |
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| Income from flat rates (not metered) per year | - |
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| Income from commercial customers per year | 38,237,234 YER - 63,728.72 $ |
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| Income from public taps, if any per year | - |
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| Subsidy (government, municipality) per year | No subsidy since 2015 |
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| Other income (specify) per year | 459,457,050 YER - 765,761.75 $ |
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| Total annual income | 174,997,920 YER - 291,663.2 $ |
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| Total annual expenditures | 780,035,871.52 YER - 1,300,059.79 $ |
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| Collection efficiency (payment received/billed amount/year) | % 29.64 |
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| Annual cost recovery from users (income from users /expenditures) | % 22.43 |
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| Average cost of water production and distribution (per m3) | 754 YER\ m3 - 1.26 $\ m3 |
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Table 3b. Financial performance of the waste water branch
Table 3b. Financial performance of the waste water branch (This table only need to be included if cost for water and sanitation are available separately)
| Income from waste water (WW) charges to users per year | - |
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| Income from WW charges to commercial customers per year | - |
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| Subsidy (government, municipality) per year | - |
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| Other income (specify) per year | - |
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| Total annual income | - |
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| Total annual expenditures | - |
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| Collection efficiency (payment received/billed amount/year) | - |
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| Annual cost recovery from users (income from users /expenditures) | - |
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| Average cost of waste water discharge and treatment (per m3) | - |
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Table 4. Main cost items for the water and waste water (cost in $ per year) (2019)
Table 4. Main cost items for the water and waste water (cost in $ per year)
| Staff cost for water supply | 0 |
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| Staff cost for waste water | |
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| Staff cost-Total cost per year | 339.31326 |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.) for water supply | 0 |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.) for waste water | |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.)-Total cost per year | 10.47084 |
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| Energy cost for water supply | - |
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| Energy cost for waste water | - |
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| Energy cost (also includes maintenance cost of all transport) - Total cost per year | 841,419.82$ |
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| Chemicals costs for water supply | - |
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| Chemicals costs for waste water | - |
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| Chemicals costs-Total cost per year | 1,966.67 |
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| Materials costs for water supply | - |
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| Materials costs for waste water | - |
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| Materials costs -Total cost per year | 70,655.13$ |
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| Contracts for larger repairs for water supply | - |
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| Contracts for larger repairs for waste water | - |
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| Contracts for larger repairs -Total cost per year | 32,485.27$ |
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| Others for water supply | - |
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| Others for waste water | - |
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| Others-Total cost per year | 3,748.80$ |
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| Total annual cost for water supply | - |
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| Total annual cost for waste water | - |
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| Total annual cost- Total cost per year | $ 1,300,059.79 |
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| The cost items include the monetary value of the in-kind contributions the utility receives; The table does not include cost related to system expansion If cost for water and waste water cannot be separated then just fill the last column | - |
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Table 5 Water balance
One key tool to assess the situation in the utility is the water balance (Table 5). Filling out the water balance will give an indication of the performance of the utility in terms of water supply. On average in 2019 a volume of …. m3 is put into supply and on average a volume of …. m3 is being billed to customers. A more detailed estimate of the water balance is presented in Table 5.
This overview only concerns the water loss as defined by IWA, which is about the water that is produced and put into supply. In addition however water may be ‘lost’ in the intake structure and in the transmission main to the water treatment plant, (or water tank with disinfection), the treatment process (backwash) and the transmission to water storage tanks.
| Authorized consumption m3 | |
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| Authorized consumption Billed m3 | 818,460 m3 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed metered Volume m3 | 818,460 m3 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed unmetered Volume m3 | 0 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed Unpaid metered (partly delayed payment)Volume m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption Billed Unpaid unmetered Volume m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled Volume m3 | 95,020 m3 |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled metered Volume m3 | 95,020 m3 |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled unmetered m3 | 0 |
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| Water losses m3 | |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) m3 | 72,450 m3 |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) - Metering inaccuracies volume m3 | - |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) - Unauthorized consumption (illegal connections)volume m3 | - |
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| Water losses Real losses volume m3 | 48,300 m3 |
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| Water losses Real losses Leakages in storage reservoirs, distribution mains and service lines volume m3 | - |
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| Water losses-Real losses -Overflow of water tanks, flushing of pipes volume m3 | - |
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| Total Revenue water-Authorized\consumption | - |
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| Total non revenue water m3 | - |
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Table 6 Main financial and organizational problems and risks
In this section the main financial and organizational problems are being presented that may jeopardize the performance and the resilience of the utility. Hazardous events in this area may relate to financing, administration and customer relationships (Table 6). The main hazardous events have to be identified and the risks have to be assessed to be able to prioritize action.
Problems may include a high level of non-revenue water. It may be this is already known in more detail (high water physical water loss, many illegal connections, and water meter inaccuracies). It may also be a more general problem of water tariffs that are not covering the cost, a large number of displaced persons with limited resources, or because other financial resources such as support from external organizations may be at risk.
Administrative problems may include: high staff turnover, weak staff regulations, administrative difficulties such as meter reading, inaccurate customer data base, as well as not following up on customer complaints.
| 1 | Operating cost have strongly increased due to war related problems (Fuel price high, blackouts) making that institution cannot fulfil its obligations (Water Tariff) | IS = interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 138 |
| 2 | Significantly high indebtedness (increasing debt) to government agencies and the government's failure to meet the indebtedness | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 138 |
| 3 | The investment program has stopped and Out of stock (spare parts ...)And reducing potential external support from donor organizations | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 138 |
| 4 | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 137 |
| 5 | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 137 |
| 6 | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 137 |
| 7 | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 137 |
3 Review of risks in the water supply system
This section provides an overview of the system including some key characteristics (Table 7), a map with the system components (Figure 1) and an overview of the main risks that have been identified (Table 8). These risks may relate to different types of hazards including the deterioration of the biological, chemical or physical water quality, problems related to the availability of water, interruption of water distribution. The information presented in this chapter is based on the detailed assessment of each component of the water system presented in Annex 2.
Table 7. Basic information about the water supply system
This section provides an overview of the system including some key characteristics (Table 7), a map with the system components (Figure 1) and an overview of the main risks that have been identified (Table 8). These risks may relate to different types of hazards including the deterioration of the biological, chemical or physical water quality, problems related to the availability of water, interruption of water distribution. The information presented in this chapter is based on the detailed assessment of each component of the water system presented in Annex 2.
| Type of water source(s) | Subsurface water - Underground water |
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| Number of boreholes and capacity (l/s) | 5 boreholes – 60 L/S |
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| Depth of boreholes (range) | 750- 120 M |
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| Age (average and range) | 33 Year |
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| Average water production (m3/day) | 2860 m3/day |
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| Type of water treatment | Chlorine Gas |
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| Design capacity (m3/day) | 5000 m3/day |
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| Transmission lines + pumping mains (km) | 13 Km |
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| Distribution system (service connections) (km) | 310 Km |
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| Water storage tanks (number& total capacity in m3) | 7 Tanks – Total 2960 m3 |
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| Number of operating water pumps | 15 |
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| Spare pumps | Nothing |
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| Number of house connections (W &WW) | W 8912 – WW 4827 |
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| Part of house connections with meters (%) | 99% |
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| Number of public, social and utility standpoints | 8 |
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| Operating hours/day and day/week | 15h/d - 7d/w |
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| Main Power source | Electric generators |
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| Number of bulk water meters | 5 |
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| Non-revenue water (NRW) | 20.86% |
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| Commercial losses (%) of NRW | 7.01% |
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| Leakage (%) of NRW | 4.67% |
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| Average operating pressure (m) and range | 14 Bar – 25 Bar |
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| Number of pipe bursts (No/km/year) | 189 - 4 Km/Year |
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| Specific damages caused by the war | Thofor Tank – main Transmission line |
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| Schematic drawing of the system and its main components |  |
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Table 8. Summary of important hazards and risks in the components of the water system
Hazard type: M = microbial, C = chemical, P = physical, IS = interruption in supply. Effect: 1 = minimal effect; 3 = serious impact, 5 = very serious impact Frequency: Rare (1) < 1% of the time, cases, connections, area; Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time, cases, connections, area; Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases, connections, area Risk levels (frequency x effect): low risk < 3; medium risk 3 – 6; high risk 7 – 10; intolerable risk > 10 |
| 1 | The inability to cover services in a timely manner due to the scarcity of resources and the design capacity of the pumping line and its deterioration and the collection tanks in the project and the increase in beneficiaries by 50% | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 2 | Frequent breakdown and deterioration of pumps | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 3 | The laboratory has completely stopped working due to worn out equipment | M,C,P= Microbial, Chemical, Physical | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 4 | High percentage of parked meters | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 5 | High percentage of parked meters | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 6 | High percentage of parked meters | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 7 | High percentage of parked meters | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
Overview of the water supply system
| Figure 1. Overview of the water supply system |  |
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4 Waste water related problems
In this section the proposed actions to improve performance and enhance resilience are presented in some detail. The activities for each main risk are presented in a separate table (29 etc., ……)
Table 9. Basic information about the waste water system
This section provides an overview of the sewer system and waste water treatment plants, including some key characteristics (Table 9) and a map with the system components (Figure 2).
| Name | - |
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| Average annual flow (m3/year) | 510,000 m3/year |
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| Type of waste water treatment (and age) | Two-stage treatment system: the first stage by primary sedimentation and the second stage by using biological filters Age: 23 Years |
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| Annual average design flow (m3/year) | 886,220 m3/year |
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| Length of sewerage system (km) | 120 Km |
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| Design organic load (BOD) | 1350 mg/l |
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| Actual inlet organic load (BOD) | 1800-2200 mg/l |
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| Efficiency: outflow organic load (BOD) | 130-135 mg/l * In 2015 |
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| Age of distribution system (average and range) | 13 – 24 Year |
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| Number of service connections | 4827 |
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| Number of sewer left stations | - |
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| Operating hours/day | - |
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| Main power source | Solar 50KW |
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| Number of waste water overflow points | 139 |
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| Specific damages caused by the war | - |
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Table 10. Summary of important hazards and risks related to waste water
Table 10 presents the main hazardous events and risks that have been identified. These risks may relate to different types of events including blockage of sewers causing contamination of housing areas, deterioration of the infrastructure, pumping problems, interruption or malfunctioning of the treatment system generating odour problems or fly nuisance but also low connection ratio in areas where onsite systems are causing problems. If wastewater management and financing is separated from the management of the water supply system, than risks may also include financing and staff problems. The resulting hazards may include contamination of the service area and of downstream water sources which may contribute to the spread of disease including for example cholera. In case a considerable number of risks exist a good option to consider is to present a more detailed analysis in an annex and just summarise the situation in Table 10.
| 1 | Deterioration of main lines and networks as a result of torrential rains and virtual lives And the design capacity of the carrier network diameters is no longer commensurate with the expansion and the increase of subscribers and lack of tendencies in some areas | CS, CD,RDW=Contamination service area, Contamination downstream,Risk of polluting drinking water | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 2 | Construction waste, oil, hospitals and slaughterhouses cause sewage blockages and poor treatment | CS, CD,RDW=Contamination service area, Contamination downstream,Risk of polluting drinking water | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 3 | Effluent of WWTP is reused in agriculture which presents a risk , a threat to the springs near agricultural lands | RDW: Risk of polluting drinking water | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 4 | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | CS, CD,RDW=Contamination service area, Contamination downstream,Risk of polluting drinking water | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 5 | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | CS, CD,RDW=Contamination service area, Contamination downstream,Risk of polluting drinking water | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 6 | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | CS, CD,RDW=Contamination service area, Contamination downstream,Risk of polluting drinking water | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 7 | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | CS, CD,RDW=Contamination service area, Contamination downstream,Risk of polluting drinking water | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
The wastewater treatment system components
| Figure 3: Picture of the basin area (watershed) |  |
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5 Overview of the main risks and possible control measures
Table 11. Effect of control measures on important risk
In this section the main risks that were identified in chapter 2, 3, and 4 are listed (Table 11). For some of these the utility may already have put already control measures or other interventions in place that may reduce the risk if effective or not. This needs to be taken into account in the final priority setting related to the different risks that were established in section 2, 3, and 4. To clarify this issue we can look at some examples. A possible hazardous event may be that a borehole gets contaminated because of inflow of water from the surface due to poor protection of the well head. Flooding may happen a few times a year (score 3 likely) and impact is serious (3) so risk is 9. The utility may have arranged for disinfecting wells after flooding, but this may not prevent water draining into the well when it rains. So the control measure does not seem effective. Hence despite the control measure the risk does remain 9. Another hazardous event may be experienced staff leaving the utility. A control measure that may have been put in place is to develop standard operating procedures so new staff knows what to do, but this may not be sufficient to overcome the lack of experience. So in that case the risk still may be high and this then requires a more in-depth analysis of the causes of experienced staff leaving
| 1 | F= Finance | Operating cost have strongly increased due to war related problems (Fuel price high, blackouts) making that institution cannot fulfil its obligations (Water Tariff) | The tariff was raised, but only by a small amount, as the tariff is considered large compared to the local institutions External liabilities are scheduled according to priority and importance | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 2 | F= Finance | Significantly high indebtedness (increasing debt) to government agencies and the government's failure to meet the indebtedness | Memorandums to the competent authorities, the Ministry of Water and the Ministry of Finance | | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 3 | F= Finance | The investment program has stopped and Out of stock (spare parts ...)And reducing potential external support from donor organizations | Discussing with donors but there is no clear long-term agreement | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 4 | F, WC =Finance, Water Catchment | The decline in the per capita rate due to the inability to pump water in sufficient quantity and the depletion of wells in the winter season and High fuel prices, which led to a decrease in the rate of pumping hours and a decrease in production | Increase production capacity when providing quantities of diesel. Fuel storage and installation of 7 solar pumps (they operate from 6 to 7 hours / day when the sun is sufficient), but the efforts are still very limited | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 3 – 6 Medium risk |
| 5 | SI = Source/Intake | Frequent breakdown and deterioration of pumps | Pumps are serviced as available | | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 6 | TR = Treatment | The laboratory has completely stopped working due to worn out equipment | Addressing some organizations to provide a water laboratory | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 3 – 6 Medium risk |
| 7 | TM = Transmission Main | Deterioration of main lines and networks as a result of torrential rains and virtual lives And the design capacity of the carrier network diameters is no longer commensurate with the expansion and the increase of subscribers and lack of tendencies in some areas | New fountains switch. Manhole Cleaning -Damage Restoration. Replace worn out lines when materials are available. | | No = No effect | 3 – 6 Medium risk |
| 8 | TR = Treatment | The laboratory has completely stopped working due to worn out equipment | Addressing organizations to provide a sanitation laboratory | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 9 | TR = Treatment | Frequent downtime and deterioration of the chlorination plant | Maintenance of the plant | | No = No effect | 3 – 6 Medium risk |
| 10 | TM = Transmission Main | Explosion of water lines due to life span caused water cuts to subscribers in some areas | Change some fonts as much as available materials | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 11 | DB = Distribution System | Change some fonts as much as available materials | The maintenance or replacement of the parked meters is carried out according to the available capabilities | | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 12 | ADM = Administration and customer relations | The high rate of illiteracy among employees, and the presence of an imbalance between the number of employees and the required specialties | New contracts are not accepted except according to specializations and needs. Employees are trained to work as needed, even if the specialty does not match. | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 13 | ADM = Administration and customer relations | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | They were referred to retirement internally, and all allowances were canceled and treated as retirees | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 14 | TR = Treatment | Construction waste, oil, hospitals and slaughterhouses cause sewage blockages and poor treatment | Upload to the security authorities to control them. A sewage aspirator was provided to drain the sewage and remove blockages | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 15 | TR = Treatment | Effluent of WWTP is reused in agriculture which presents a risk , a threat to the springs near agricultural lands | Farmers near treatment plants are prohibited from using the output of the plants | | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 16 | TR = Treatment | Low treatment rate due to lack of working hours | The presence of additional work for working hours, but due to the institution's inability to pay the dues, it was forced to rely on the basic working hours | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 3 – 6 Medium risk |
| 17 | TR = Treatment | The equipment and components of treatment plants are worn out due to the shelf life and the inability to periodic maintenance due to the scarcity of resources | Dilapidated parts are replaced according to available resources | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 18 | TR = Treatment | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | - | | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 19 | TR = Treatment | The equipment and components of treatment plants are worn out due to the shelf life and the inability to periodic maintenance due to the scarcity of resources | Dilapidated parts are replaced according to available resources | | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 20 | TR = Treatment | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | - | | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 21 | TR = Treatment | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | - | | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
6. Action plan for prioritised resilience risks
Table 12. Summary of action plan for prioritised risks related to the finance and administration
This section presents an action plan for the prioritised performance and resilience risks that relate to financing, organization, administration, and customer relations (Table 12). Some lower priority actions may also be included in the table if they are very easy to overcome at low or no cost. For the actions, it is essential to take a gender sensitive approach and take into account gender specific data.
| 1 | F=Finance | Discussing with the Board of Directors to raise the tariff to cover operating and maintenance expenses, Completion of alternative energy projects, fuel saving | Hajjah LC + Board of Directors + Donors | 6 Month | 1200000$ | Operating cost have strongly increased due to war related problems (Fuel price high, blackouts) making that institution cannot fulfil its obligations (Water Tariff) | |
| 2 | F=Finance | Addressing the Ministry to communicate with the Ministry of Finance to pay the indebtedness of government departments so that the institution can meet its obligations | Hajjah LC + Ministry + Board of Directors | One Year | - | The investment program has stopped and Out of stock (spare parts ...)And reducing potential external support from donor organizations | |
| 3 | F=Finance | Continuing the dialogue with donors to emphasize the importance of the institution and the risks related to alternative water supplies and to try to reach a long-term agreement and to provide spare parts for power, pumping, network, oil and grease equipment | Hajjah LC leadership + Donors | 6 Month | 6 Month | Significantly high indebtedness (increasing debt) to government agencies and the government's failure to meet the indebtedness | |
| 4 | ADM = administration and customer relations | Discussion with the Insurance and Pensions Office to accept retirees and the institution's commitment to pay the overdue amounts in installments or pay them centrally from the government debt | Corporatio n + Ministry + Insurance | 6 Month | 85000$ | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | |
| 5 | ADM = administration and customer relations | Discussion with the Insurance and Pensions Office to accept retirees and the institution's commitment to pay the overdue amounts in installments or pay them centrally from the government debt | Corporatio n + Ministry + Insurance | 6 Month | 85000$ | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | |
| 6 | ADM = administration and customer relations | Discussion with the Insurance and Pensions Office to accept retirees and the institution's commitment to pay the overdue amounts in installments or pay them centrally from the government debt | Corporatio n + Ministry + Insurance | 6 Month | 85000$ | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | |
| 7 | ADM = administration and customer relations | Discussion with the Insurance and Pensions Office to accept retirees and the institution's commitment to pay the overdue amounts in installments or pay them centrally from the government debt | Corporatio n + Ministry + Insurance | 6 Month | 85000$ | An increase in the number of retirees and not being accepted into insurance | |
Table 13. Summary of action plan for prioritised water supply performance risks.
| 1 | DB = Distribution System | Drilling new boreholes to enhance water sources, Implementation of a project from alternative sources, Rehabilitation of buried boreholes from torrential rains, Establishing assembly tanks and a pumping line commensurate with the existing need and extending liquefaction lines to serve the areas targeted for construction | Hajjah LC + Donors | One Year | 2500000 $ | The inability to cover services in a timely manner due to the scarcity of resources and the design capacity of the pumping line and its deterioration and the collection tanks in the project and the increase in beneficiaries by 50% | intolerable risk |
| 2 | TR = Treatment, | Replace the damaged pump | Hajjah LC + Donors | One Year | 400000$ | The laboratory has completely stopped working due to worn out equipment | intolerable risk |
| 3 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | Providing a new integrated laboratory | Hajjah LC + Donors | 6 Month | 200000$ | Frequent breakdown and deterioration of pumps | intolerable risk |
| 4 | TR = Treatment, | Meter replacement | Technical management + customer accounts | 9–6 Month | 200000$ | High percentage of parked meters | high risk |
| 5 | TR = Treatment, | Meter replacement | Technical management + customer accounts | 9–6 Month | 200000$ | High percentage of parked meters | high risk |
| 6 | TR = Treatment, | Meter replacement | Technical management + customer accounts | 9–6 Month | 200000$ | High percentage of parked meters | high risk |
| 7 | TR = Treatment, | Meter replacement | Technical management + customer accounts | 9–6 Month | 200000$ | High percentage of parked meters | high risk |
Table 14. Summary of action plan for prioritised wastewater performance risks
| 1 | SS = Sewer System | Rehabilitation of sewage networks, switching transmission lines in proportion to the flow, adjusting tendencies in the regions, and providing equipment for suction and wiring the sewage network. | Hajjah LC + Donors | 2 Year | 1200000$ | Deterioration of main lines and networks as a result of torrential rains and virtual lives And the design capacity of the carrier network diameters is no longer commensurate with the expansion and the increase of subscribers and lack of tendencies in some areas | intolerable risk |
| 2 | TR = Treatment | Rehabilitation of sewage networks, replacing transmission lines in proportion to the flow, and activating binding and deterrent laws for those who tamper with the sewage network from workshops, slaughterhouses, and building owners | Hajjah LC + board of directors + security authorities | 6 Month | 300000$ | Effluent of WWTP is reused in agriculture which presents a risk , a threat to the springs near agricultural lands | high risk |
| 3 | TR = Treatment | Activating binding and deterrent laws for tampering with liquid waste and the sewage network | Hajjah LC + board of directors + security authorities | 6 Month | - | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | high risk |
| 4 | TR = Treatment | Expanding and improving treatment plants and adding appropriate treatment units to improve efficiency | Hajjah LC + Donors | 2 Year | 360000$ | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | high risk |
| 5 | TR = Treatment | Expanding and improving treatment plants and adding appropriate treatment units to improve efficiency | Hajjah LC + Donors | 2 Year | 360000$ | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | high risk |
| 6 | TR = Treatment | Expanding and improving treatment plants and adding appropriate treatment units to improve efficiency | Hajjah LC + Donors | 2 Year | 360000$ | Sub-treatment stations are operating beyond their design capacity due to the entry of new areas into service, urban expansion and overcrowding of the displaced | high risk |
| 7 | TR = Treatment | Expanding and improving treatment plants and adding appropriate treatment units to improve efficiency | Hajjah LC + Donors | 2 Year | 360000$ | Construction waste, oil, hospitals and slaughterhouses cause sewage blockages and poor treatment | high risk |
7. Proposed monitoring system
The proposed monitoring comprises two main issues: overall monitoring of the monthly performance of the water supply and waste water system and progress with the implementation of the RSIP.
In this section it is also important to indicate when the RSIP will be reviewed and revised as needed (possibly on an annual basis).
Annex 1 RSIP Team and list of advisors that where consulted
The proposed monitoring system needs to cover system performance, effectivity op control measures, and implementation of the RSIP.
In this section it is also important to indicate when the RSIP will be reviewed and revised as needed (possibly on an annual basis).
| 1 | Eng\ Ameen Humaid | HWSLC | Team Leader | +967 777146385 | Ameen.humaid@gmail.com |
| 2 | Malekah Hassan Al-Saif | HWSLC | Team member | +967 773766024 | mm735002941@gamil.com |
| 3 | Laila Hameed Musawa | HWSLC | Team member | +967 775619313 | Lili775619313@gmail.com |
| 4 | Ibraheem Al-soraihi | HWSLC | Sanitation manager | +967 771765978 | Imys32@yahoo.com |
| 5 | Dr\ belkis zabarah | WEC | - | +967 775443056 | - |
| 6 | Eng\ Osamah | Meta Meta | - | +967 775091606 | Oaljailani@metameta.nl |
| 7 | Dr\ belkis zabarah | WEC | - | +967 775443056 | - |
| 8 | Eng\ Osamah | Meta Meta | - | +967 775091606 | Oaljailani@metameta.nl |
| 9 | Eng\ Osamah | Meta Meta | - | +967 775091606 | Oaljailani@metameta.nl |
Overview of the boreholes used for the water supply
| Overview of the boreholes used for the water supply |  |
|---|
Table 15. Important risks in the water catchment area
Provide a brief description of the catchment area (Figure 3) (in case of a groundwater scheme of the aquifer and its main recharge area) and an indication of the main hazardous events in the water catchment area (water quality, water availability, landslides, catchment deterioration, expansion of agricultural border) that may affect system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 14). It is important to indicate whether the water utility by itself can do something in the water catchment or that it depends on other actors. This may include for example climate change related problems or over pumping by other actors.
| 1 | Scarcity of the source due to changes in nutrition (summer and winter) | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 199 |
Table 16. Important risks in the water source and water intake
Provide a brief description of the water source(s) and water intake(s) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 15). This may include contamination of the source, deteriorating water quality in the source, lack of power sources, falling water table, damages of the intake due to war, flooding or other causes. If several boreholes exist, it may be an option to combine the description of the boreholes that tap the same aquifer, to minimize the length of the report. Yet it is essential that specific risks and hazardous events that are related to specific boreholes, such as high sensitivity to war damages, conflict points, or technical cracks in cover or casing that affect water quality of the borehole. Also provide a brief description of possible water loss that may take place in the water intake or transmission lines (Table 16). Whereas this is not included in the definition of non-revenue water it is important to understand the situation and explore whether this water loss can be prevented as it may make more water available for the water system or for other users. Water losses due to illegal use from the wells field or in the transmission lines for irrigation purposes consumes massive amount of water compared to domestic illegal uses.
| 1 | The location of some wells is threatened with erosion from torrential rains | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 212 |
Overview of the Technical Design of Lc Boreholes
| Figure 4. Overview of the Technical Design of Lc Boreholes |  |
|---|
Table 17. Water loss in the water intake
Provide a brief description of the transmission main (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, water meter(s) and valves) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 17). This may include: leaking pipes, old pipes, landslides, poor reparations, illegal connections, etc. In case of pumping issues may be lack of fuel, poor electricity supply, inadequate maintenance etc. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place (Table 18).
Picture of a diagram of the transmission lines
| Overview of the Technical Design of Sana’a Lc Boreholes |  |
|---|
Table 18 Important risks in the transmission main
Provide a brief description of the transmission main (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, water meter(s) and valves) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 17). This may include: leaking pipes, old pipes, landslides, poor reparations, illegal connections, etc. In case of pumping issues may be lack of fuel, poor electricity supply, inadequate maintenance etc. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place (Table 18).
| 1 | The transmission lines are subjected to the stress of collapsing rocks due to frequent rains and fractures | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 226 |
| 2 | The design capacity has become insufficient to carry water | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 227 |
| 3 | The old line has become obsolete | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 227 |
| 4 | The old line has become obsolete | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 227 |
Table 19. Water loss in the transmission main
Table 19. Water loss in the transmission main
A picture or diagram of the treatment system and chlorination plants
| Figure 6. A picture or diagram of the treatment system and chlorination plants |  |
|---|
Table 20. Important risks related to the water treatment system
Hazard type: M = microbial, C = chemical, P = physical, IS = interruption in supply
Effect: 1 = minimal effect; 3 = serious impact, 5 = very serious impact
Frequency: Rare (1) < 1% of the time, cases, connections; Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time, cases, connections; Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases, connections
| 1 | Frequent failure of the chlorine plant | M = Microbial | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 243 |
Table 21. Water loss in the treatment system
Table 21. Water loss in the treatment system
Pictures of typical meter situation and storage tanks
| Figure 7: Pictures of typical meter situation and storage tanks | |
|---|
Table 22. Important risks in the storage reservoir(s)
Provide a brief description of the storage reservoir(s) (Figure 7) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 21). This may include: leakages, damage because of the war, contamination, lack of maintenance. In case water chlorination is included in the storage reservoir than this also needs to be described (and this may entail problems with the supply of chlorine. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place including water that may be lost through the overflow or water used for cleaning (Table 22).
| 1 | The design capacity of collection tanks in pumping stations and distribution tanks is insufficient | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 257 |
Table 23. Water loss in water storage reservoir
Table 23. Water loss in water storage reservoir
Water Distribution Network Diagram
| Figure 8: Diagram of water distribution networks |  |
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Table 24. Important risks in the distribution system(s
Provide a brief description of the distribution system(s) (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, overflow, water meter(s) and valves) and a schematic drawing of the system (Figure 8). Indicate the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 23). This may include: intermittent water supply (rationing), high leakage, illegal connections, inadequate repairs, damage due to the war. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place and the water pressure distribution (Table 24).
| 1 | Damage to pressure relief valves and valves | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 271 |
| 2 | Inability to cover water services due to network diameters | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 271 |
| 3 | Inability to cover water services due to network diameters | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 271 |
Table 25. Water loss in water distribution system
| 1 | Explosions in distribution lines | 2% |
| 2 | Parked Meters | 3% |
| 3 | Parked Meters | 3% |
A picture of the condition of the meter and the household tank
| Figure 9: Picture of the case of the meter and the household tank |  |
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Table 26. Important risks in Household water storage
Provide a brief description of household water situation (type of water meter, household water storage (size, type of material) (Figure 9) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 25). Explore whether risks are gender specific. Give an indication of the water loss that may take place (flowing toilets, plumbing problems, leaking taps, including water that may be lost through the overflow of storage tanks (Table 26).
| 1 | Pollution caused by dumping waste near tanks | M = Microbial | 3 = Serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 284 |
| 2 | Tanks overflow due to no floats installed | P = Physical | 5=Very serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 284 |
| 3 | Tanks overflow due to no floats installed | P = Physical | 5=Very serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 284 |
Table 27. Water loss at household level
| 1 | Leaks in subscribers' lockers | 5% |
Pictures of alternative water sources
| Figure 10: Pictures of alternative water sources | |
|---|
Table 28. Important risks in alternative water systems
Provide a brief description of alternative water systems (Figure 10), the level of use by consumers and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect these systems, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 27). This may include for example local water distribution points that provide water to the community which they receive from tankers (paid by humanitarian organizations), local wells and rainwater systems. In the Yemeni context alternative water sources may be an important source for drinking water and may for example entail a risk of spreading cholera, but also may affect water sales of the utility, affecting its financial sustainability and resilience.
| 1 | Tanker water is often from unknown sources | M,C,P=Microbial, Chemical, Physical | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 299 |
| 2 | Using unclean utensils to transfer water from Sabil tanks | M = Microbial | 3 = Serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 298 |
| 3 | Using unclean utensils to transfer water from Sabil tanks | M = Microbial | 3 = Serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 298 |
Table 29. Less important risks that were identified
Table 29: Less important risks that were identified
| 1 | Tanker water is often from unknown sources and Non-sterilization and chlorination of tanks | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 3 = Serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 312 |
| 2 | Using unclean utensils to transfer water from Sabil tanks | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 3 = Serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 312 |
| 3 | Failure to apply rules, regulations and job descriptions | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 312 |
| 4 | Increased leaks due to dilapidated tanks and lack of maintenance and Tanks overflow due to no floats installed | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 3 = Serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 312 |
| 5 | The erosion of some manholes due to rain | CS= Contamination service area | 3 = Serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 312 |
| 6 | The presence of liver virus infections | CS= Contamination service area | 5=Very serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 312 |
| 7 | The location of some wells is threatened with erosion from torrential rains | IS = interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 312 |
| 8 | The transmission lines are subjected to the pressures of the collapsed rocks due to the rain and the slope of the agricultural terraces | IS = interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 312 |
| 9 | Unavailability of chlorine gas pipelines | M = microbial | 5=Very serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 312 |
| 10 | Pollution caused by dumping waste near tanks | M = microbial | 3 = Serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 312 |
| 11 | Pollution caused by dumping waste near tanks | M = microbial | 3 = Serious impact | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | 312 |
Table 30. Intervention to reduce risk of water tariff not covering cost
Intervention to reduce risk of water tariff not covering cost
Table 31. Intervention to Very high NRW (technical and financial losses)
Intervention to Very high NRW (technical and financial losses)
Table 32. Intervention to reduce risk of high fuel prices and frequent fuel crises (Fuel Instability)
Intervention to reduce risk of high fuel prices and frequent fuel crises (Fuel Instability)
table 33.Intervention to reduce risk of households water storage tanks
In this section, the proposed actions to improve the system and enhance its resilience are presented in some detail. In this version of the report the activities related to only one of the main risks are presented in table (A2.10.1); in the final version also the other priority actions will be included.
table 34: Intervention to reduce risk of sewers blockage
In this section, the proposed actions to improve the system and enhance its resilience are presented in some detail. In this version of the report the activities related to only one of the main risks are presented in table (34); in the final version also the other priority actions will be included.
| 1 | Sewer blockage as a result of misuse, life span, design capacity and direct discharge of waste from commercial and industrial activities As well as the lack of tendencies in some areas, in addition to opening the sewage covers during the rains. As well as the lack of adequate maintenance of the main sewage lines and equipment and components of treatment plants Also, the laboratory stopped working completely due to the wear and tear of the equipment. | - | - | Rehabilitation of sewage networks, provision of sewage network equipment, rehabilitation of treatment plants, and provision of a new integrated laboratory | 1. Rehabilitation of sewage networks and switching transmission lines in proportion to the flow and adjusting tendencies in the regions. 2. Providing equipment for suction and wiping the sewage network, and conducting periodic cleaning of the sewage networks. 3. Rehabilitation of treatment plants and replacement of worn out components 4. Providing a new integrated laboratory 5. Special periodic monitoring of customers (commercial and industrial) who have a high level of pollution 6. Preparing public awareness campaigns explaining the importance of the correct use of the sewage network in maintaining a longer life of the network and avoiding the risks of spreading diseases and epidemics resulting from misuse and inundation of sewage water, and clarifying the importance of its role. |
