Water and Sanitation Local Cooperation's RSIP
Annotated content page RSIP(Note for the reader; this annotated content page has been developed to facilitate the development of the Resilience and Service Improvement Plan (RSIP) report
1 Summary of the plan
This section provides a brief summary of the main problems and actions that were identified to enhance the performance of the utility and improve its resilience. The summary presents the main problems and solutions that have been identified related to the financial, administrative and technical performance, whilst also looking at possible environmental and man-made threats (Table 1).This section visualizes a brief summery for the main problems and procedures that were identified to enhance the performance of the utilities and improve its resilience plan. The summery also demonstrates main problems and the optimal solutions that have been identified regarding Financial, administrative and technical performance. It also highlights the possible environmental and humanitarian threats.
Table 1 Summary of main problems, proposed actions and time frame
The main problems and proposed actions are briefly presented below under three* main subheadings:
Financial, administrative and consumer related risks
Risk and intervention 1: …….. (just the name or a brief explanation of the problem; followed by the proposed intervention in a little more detail than indicated in the table)
Risk and intervention 2: …..
Risk and intervention 3: ……
Technical risks
Risk and intervention 1: …….
Risk and intervention 2: ……..
Risk and intervention 3: …….
This summery will very much help sharing the planned activities with different actors.
| 1 | The tariff does not cover operating and maintenance expenses and workers' wages. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Low level of collection and accumulation of indebtedness. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | Leakage of some qualified cadres and failure to raise the efficiency of others. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 4 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 5 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 6 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 7 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 8 | The random drilling of private wells and the depletion of groundwater led to a decrease in the water level of 4 wells and their out of service. | intolerable risk |
| 9 | Some sites of the pumping lines are subjected to torrential erosion, which causes the pumping process to stop. | intolerable risk |
| 10 | Difficulty maintaining some water transmission lines located in rugged areas. | high risk |
| 11 | The storage capacity of the current main water distribution tanks as well as fuel storage tanks is insufficient. | high risk |
| 12 | Frequent malfunctions of generators and pumps and the lack of spare stock. | high risk |
| 13 | Illegal thefts and inaccurate metering. | high risk |
| 14 | the lack of cleanliness in the tank of some participants and the lack of tightness of their covers(the possibility o water contamination) | high risk |
| 15 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | high risk |
| 16 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | high risk |
| 17 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | high risk |
| 18 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | high risk |
| 19 | The inability of sewage conveying lines to accommodate urban expansion. | intolerable risk |
| 20 | Unavailability of a sample testing laboratory and occupational and health safety tools. | intolerable risk |
| 21 | Unavailability of a sample testing laboratory and occupational and health safety tools. | intolerable risk |
2 Introduction
The resilience and service improvement plan (RSIP) for the water utility ……….. was developed in ….., by a small team of .. persons (Annex 1). It presents an overview of the water supply and sewerage system, its main components, and the main problems related to the performance of the organization and the risks that have been identified related to the water quality, quantity and continuity of the water supply waste water services. It outlines the envisaged actions that have been prioritised to be implemented to enhance performance and improve resilience to respond to natural and manmade disasters. It includes a time frame, an indication of responsible actors, and provides a brief description of the monitoring and review process that is envisaged. The plan also looks at the risks related to the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 virus.
Revise text: Whereas there is no indication of transmission of this virus through water supply, the pandemic may cause serious disruptions in system operations This may include shortage of staff, power disruptions, and shortages of chemicals and other supplies, caused for example by Government directives. Protecting the health and safety of employees needs to be emphasized in the risk mitigation plan to ensure that essential functions can be maintained..
The RSIP was approved by …. on …. (date), and will be reviewed on …. (date)
Table 2. Basic information about the utility and its customers
This section provides basic information of the water utility and its customers (Table 2)
| Name of the utility | Almahweet city |
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| City/Governorate | 35583 |
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| City Population | 2,867 / 1,097 |
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| Number of customers (water supply / wastewater) | 1400 connections (9 p / conection)36%,38% |
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| Water supply/ Waste water coverage | 64% |
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| How many internally displaced persons (IDP) are served by the system (and % of IDP in area) | 583 people , 5% |
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| Per capita water demand (l/c/d) | 40 |
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| Average water demand (m3/day)Untitled | 1400 |
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| Average water production (m3/day) | 532655 |
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| Average water volume billed (m3/day) | 143 |
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| Per capita consumption (l/c/d), (billed) | 270717 |
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| Operating hours/day and day/week | 13 |
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| Main Power source | Pumps |
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| Number of staff | 65 |
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| Non-revenue water (NRW) (%) | 45.5% |
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| Average volume of waste water produced (m3/day) | 550 |
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| Average volume of waste water treated (m3/day) | 550 |
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Table 3a. Financial performance of the water branch of the utility
Financial performance of the water branch of the utility
| Rate revenues(metered) per year | $ 64985 |
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| Income from flat rates (not metered) per year | - |
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| Income from commercial customers per year | $ 3210 |
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| Income from public taps, if any per year | $130120 |
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| Subsidy (government, municipality) per year | - |
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| Other income (specify) per year | $ 1416 |
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| Total annual income | $ 215463 |
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| Total annual expenditures | $ 299574 |
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| Collection efficiency (payment received/billed amount/year) | $ 60% |
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| Annual cost recovery from users (income from users /expenditures) | $ 23% |
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| Average cost of water production and distribution (per m3) | 1.72$/m3 |
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Table 3b. Financial performance of the waste water branch
Table 3b. Financial performance of the waste water branch (This table only need to be included if cost for water and sanitation are available separately)
| Income from waste water (WW) charges to users per year | - |
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| Income from WW charges to commercial customers per year | - |
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| Subsidy (government, municipality) per year | - |
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| Other income (specify) per year | - |
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| Total annual income | - |
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| Total annual expenditures | - |
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| Collection efficiency (payment received/billed amount/year) | - |
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| Annual cost recovery from users (income from users /expenditures) | - |
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| Average cost of waste water discharge and treatment (per m3) | - |
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Table 4. Main cost items for the water and waste water (cost in $ per year) (2019)
Table 4. Main cost items for the water and waste water (cost in $ per year)
| Staff cost for water supply | 0 |
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| Staff cost for waste water | |
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| Staff cost-Total cost per year | 116.458 |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.) for water supply | 0 |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.) for waste water | |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.)-Total cost per year | 11.907 |
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| Energy cost for water supply | - |
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| Energy cost for waste water | - |
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| Energy cost (also includes maintenance cost of all transport) - Total cost per year | $137,457 |
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| Chemicals costs for water supply | - |
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| Chemicals costs for waste water | - |
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| Chemicals costs-Total cost per year | - |
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| Materials costs for water supply | $23,932 |
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| Materials costs for waste water | - |
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| Materials costs -Total cost per year | 9,820 |
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| Contracts for larger repairs for water supply | - |
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| Contracts for larger repairs for waste water | - |
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| Contracts for larger repairs -Total cost per year | - |
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| Others for water supply | - |
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| Others for waste water | - |
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| Others-Total cost per year | $23,932 |
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| Total annual cost for water supply | - |
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| Total annual cost for waste water | - |
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| Total annual cost- Total cost per year | $299,574 |
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| The cost items include the monetary value of the in-kind contributions the utility receives; The table does not include cost related to system expansion If cost for water and waste water cannot be separated then just fill the last column | 0 |
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Table 5 Water balance
One key tool to assess the situation in the utility is the water balance (Table 5). Filling out the water balance will give an indication of the performance of the utility in terms of water supply. On average in 2019 a volume of …. m3 is put into supply and on average a volume of …. m3 is being billed to customers. A more detailed estimate of the water balance is presented in Table 5.
This overview only concerns the water loss as defined by IWA, which is about the water that is produced and put into supply. In addition however water may be ‘lost’ in the intake structure and in the transmission main to the water treatment plant, (or water tank with disinfection), the treatment process (backwash) and the transmission to water storage tanks.
| Authorized consumption m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption Billed m3 | 52100m3 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed metered Volume m3 | 31260 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed unmetered Volume m3 | 20840 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed Unpaid metered (partly delayed payment)Volume m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption Billed Unpaid unmetered Volume m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled Volume m3 | 121004 |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled metered Volume m3 | 2100 |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled unmetered m3 | 2207 |
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| Water losses m3 | 0 |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) m3 | 10500 |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) - Metering inaccuracies volume m3 | 1335 |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) - Unauthorized consumption (illegal connections)volume m3 | 9165 |
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| Water losses Real losses volume m3 | 28700 |
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| Water losses Real losses Leakages in storage reservoirs, distribution mains and service lines volume m3 | 28700 |
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| Water losses-Real losses -Overflow of water tanks, flushing of pipes volume m3 | - |
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| Total Revenue water-Authorized\consumption | 150912 |
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| Total non revenue water m3 | 43507 m3 |
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Table 6 Main financial and organizational problems and risks
In this section the main financial and organizational problems are being presented that may jeopardize the performance and the resilience of the utility. Hazardous events in this area may relate to financing, administration and customer relationships (Table 6). The main hazardous events have to be identified and the risks have to be assessed to be able to prioritize action.
Problems may include a high level of non-revenue water. It may be this is already known in more detail (high water physical water loss, many illegal connections, and water meter inaccuracies). It may also be a more general problem of water tariffs that are not covering the cost, a large number of displaced persons with limited resources, or because other financial resources such as support from external organizations may be at risk.
Administrative problems may include: high staff turnover, weak staff regulations, administrative difficulties such as meter reading, inaccurate customer data base, as well as not following up on customer complaints.
| 1 | The tariff does not cover operating and maintenance expenses and workers' wages. | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Low level of collection and accumulation of indebtedness. | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | Leakage of some qualified cadres and failure to raise the efficiency of others. | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 4 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 5 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 6 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 7 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
3 Review of risks in the water supply system
This section provides an overview of the system including some key characteristics (Table 7), a map with the system components (Figure 1) and an overview of the main risks that have been identified (Table 8). These risks may relate to different types of hazards including the deterioration of the biological, chemical or physical water quality, problems related to the availability of water, interruption of water distribution. The information presented in this chapter is based on the detailed assessment of each component of the water system presented in Annex 2.
Table 7. Basic information about the water supply system
This section provides an overview of the system including some key characteristics (Table 7), a map with the system components (Figure 1) and an overview of the main risks that have been identified (Table 8). These risks may relate to different types of hazards including the deterioration of the biological, chemical or physical water quality, problems related to the availability of water, interruption of water distribution. The information presented in this chapter is based on the detailed assessment of each component of the water system presented in Annex 2.
| Type of water source(s) | Water and Sanitation Corporation/Amran |
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| Number of boreholes and capacity (l/s) | Groundwater |
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| Depth of boreholes (range) | 4/14796 |
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| Age (average and range) | 100-150 |
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| Average water production (m3/day) | 20 |
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| Type of water treatment | 532.655 |
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| Design capacity (m3/day) | nothing |
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| Transmission lines + pumping mains (km) | 20 |
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| Distribution system (service connections) (km) | 70 |
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| Water storage tanks (number& total capacity in m3) | (51,م3 + 011م3 + 031م3) :Capacity distribution tanks Collective storage tanks (011م3 + 021م3 + 011م3 + 011م3 + 21م3) |
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| Number of operating water pumps | 13 |
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| Spare pumps | - |
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| Number of house connections (W &WW) | 2867 w connection, 1097 ww connection |
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| Part of house connections with meters (%) | 100 |
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| Number of public, social and utility standpoints | 3 |
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| Operating hours/day and day/week | 10 hours/day- 7days/ a week |
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| Main Power source | Electrical generators |
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| Number of bulk water meters | 12 |
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| Non-revenue water (NRW) | %45.5 |
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| Commercial losses (%) of NRW | 461.5(11%)/month m3 |
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| Leakage (%) of NRW | 1290.4(30%) month m3 |
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| Average operating pressure (m) and range | 75m 50-100m |
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| Number of pipe bursts (No/km/year) | 417/year |
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| Specific damages caused by the war | The project stopped for a long time, resulting in the deterioration of the water network, especially the buried lines. Reducing operating hours due to the high price of fuel and its lack of it in the local market. - Functional and organizational imbalances due to frequent new appointments and leakage of qualified cadres. Low collections due to salary cuts. The investment program was suspended. - The influx of displaced people and the increase in demand for service. Difficulty purchasing spare parts and important maintenance equipment. Decreased provision of services and, consequently, a decrease in revenue. The spread of the cholera and corona epidemic and the direct impact on the water sector |
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| Schematic drawing of the system and its main components |  |
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Table 8. Summary of important hazards and risks in the components of the water system
Hazard type: M = microbial, C = chemical, P = physical, IS = interruption in supply. Effect: 1 = minimal effect; 3 = serious impact, 5 = very serious impact Frequency: Rare (1) < 1% of the time, cases, connections, area; Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time, cases, connections, area; Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases, connections, area Risk levels (frequency x effect): low risk < 3; medium risk 3 – 6; high risk 7 – 10; intolerable risk > 10 |
| 1 | The random drilling of private wells and the depletion of groundwater led to a decrease in the water level of 4 wells and their out of service. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 2 | Some sites of the pumping lines are subjected to torrential erosion, which causes the pumping process to stop. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 3 | Difficulty maintaining some water transmission lines located in rugged areas. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | high risk |
| 4 | The storage capacity of the current main water distribution tanks as well as fuel storage tanks is insufficient. | IS ,P=Interruption in supply,Physical | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 5 | Frequent malfunctions of generators and pumps and the lack of spare stock. | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 6 | Illegal thefts and inaccurate metering. | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 7 | the lack of cleanliness in the tank of some participants and the lack of tightness of their covers(the possibility o water contamination) | IS,M= Interruption in supply, Microbial | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 8 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | high risk |
| 9 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | high risk |
| 10 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | high risk |
| 11 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | high risk |
Overview of the water supply system
| Figure 1. Overview of the water supply system |  |
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4 Waste water related problems
In this section the proposed actions to improve performance and enhance resilience are presented in some detail. The activities for each main risk are presented in a separate table (29 etc., ……)
Table 9. Basic information about the waste water system
This section provides an overview of the sewer system and waste water treatment plants, including some key characteristics (Table 9) and a map with the system components (Figure 2).
| Name | Water and Sanitation Corporation/Amran |
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| Average annual flow (m3/year) | 198,000 |
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| Type of waste water treatment (and age) | Septic tanks, aerobic oxidation tanks and drying tanks - 25 years |
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| Annual average design flow (m3/year) | 300,000 |
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| Length of sewerage system (km) | 15 |
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| Design organic load (BOD) | - |
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| Actual inlet organic load (BOD) | - |
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| Efficiency: outflow organic load (BOD) | - |
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| Age of distribution system (average and range) | 18 |
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| Number of service connections | 1097 |
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| Number of sewer left stations | - |
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| Operating hours/day | - |
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| Main power source | Diesel - for suction units and moving vehicles |
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| Number of waste water overflow points | 180 |
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| Specific damages caused by the war | Frequent blockages and rash of sewers. The increase in the price of fuel (diesel). The difficulty of rehabilitating and maintaining the network, tanks and sewage rooms. The implementation of the third phase of the sewage project, which will cover 62% of the total water subscribers, has been suspended |
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Table 10. Summary of important hazards and risks related to waste water
Table 10 presents the main hazardous events and risks that have been identified. These risks may relate to different types of events including blockage of sewers causing contamination of housing areas, deterioration of the infrastructure, pumping problems, interruption or malfunctioning of the treatment system generating odour problems or fly nuisance but also low connection ratio in areas where onsite systems are causing problems. If wastewater management and financing is separated from the management of the water supply system, than risks may also include financing and staff problems. The resulting hazards may include contamination of the service area and of downstream water sources which may contribute to the spread of disease including for example cholera. In case a considerable number of risks exist a good option to consider is to present a more detailed analysis in an annex and just summarise the situation in Table 10.
| 1 | The inability of sewage conveying lines to accommodate urban expansion. | RDW: Risk of polluting drinking water | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 2 | Unavailability of a sample testing laboratory and occupational and health safety tools. | CS،GC=Contamination service area, Groundwater contamination | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 3 | Unavailability of a sample testing laboratory and occupational and health safety tools. | CS،GC=Contamination service area, Groundwater contamination | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
The wastewater treatment system components
| Figure 3: Picture of the basin area (watershed) |  |
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5 Overview of the main risks and possible control measures
Table 11. Effect of control measures on important risk
In this section the main risks that were identified in chapter 2, 3, and 4 are listed (Table 11). For some of these the utility may already have put already control measures or other interventions in place that may reduce the risk if effective or not. This needs to be taken into account in the final priority setting related to the different risks that were established in section 2, 3, and 4. To clarify this issue we can look at some examples. A possible hazardous event may be that a borehole gets contaminated because of inflow of water from the surface due to poor protection of the well head. Flooding may happen a few times a year (score 3 likely) and impact is serious (3) so risk is 9. The utility may have arranged for disinfecting wells after flooding, but this may not prevent water draining into the well when it rains. So the control measure does not seem effective. Hence despite the control measure the risk does remain 9. Another hazardous event may be experienced staff leaving the utility. A control measure that may have been put in place is to develop standard operating procedures so new staff knows what to do, but this may not be sufficient to overcome the lack of experience. So in that case the risk still may be high and this then requires a more in-depth analysis of the causes of experienced staff leaving
| 1 | F= Finance | The tariff does not cover operating and maintenance expenses and workers' wages. | Raising the water and sewage service tariffs to cover 25% of the costs of operation and maintenance expenses. | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 2 | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | Low level of collection and accumulation of indebtedness. | Formation of field collection teams and intensification of the work period. Allocating a percentage of the collection to the field teams. | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 3 | ADM = Administration and customer relations | Leakage of some qualified cadres and failure to raise the efficiency of others. | Paying employees' dues according to the available revenues. Assigning someone to run the work in place of the dropouts. | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 4 | F,ADM =Finance,Administration and customer relations | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | Use of aerial projections and review and save technical data in Office files. | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 5 | IS=interruption in supply | The random drilling of private wells and the depletion of groundwater led to a decrease in the water level of 4 wells and their out of service. | Searching for funding to dig three additional wells to increase the amount of water produced. - Reporting to the local authority leadership the damages of the foundation’s wells sources as a result of drilling private wells close to them. | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 6 | IS=interruption in supply | The end of the life span of most water network lines, especially buried lines. | Rehabilitation and maintenance of some components of the project according to the available capabilities until external financing is available. | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 7 | IS=interruption in supply | Some sites of the pumping lines are subjected to torrential erosion, which causes the pumping process to stop. | Repairing the damages according to the available capabilities, preparing a study to deal with the damages radically and searching for financing. | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 8 | IS=interruption in supply | Unavailability of a laboratory to test water samples and chlorination units. | Looking for funding to provide laboratory and chlorination units. | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 9 | DB,IS=Distribution System,interruption in supply | The mixing of drinking water with sewage water due to the proximity of the water network lines to the sewage rooms and manholes. | - Replacing worn-out pipes and changing their course from tanks and sewage rooms. | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 10 | DB,IS=Distribution System,interruption in supply | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | Maintenance according to the available capabilities with the search for financing to provide tools and equipment for maintenance work.. | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 11 | DB,IS=Distribution System,interruption in supply | Difficulty maintaining some water transmission lines located in rugged areas. | Providing materials and equipment from outside the framework of the institution for rent until funding is available to provide the required need for maintenance work. | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 12 | IS,F=Interruption in supply،Finance | The storage capacity of the current main water distribution tanks as well as fuel storage tanks is insufficient. | Searching for financing to build a water tank and provide a tank to save fuel. | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 13 | IS=interruption in supply | Frequent malfunctions of generators and pumps and the lack of spare stock. | Periodic maintenance and provision of spare parts in large amounts. | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 14 | IS=interruption in supply | Illegal thefts and inaccurate metering. | Forming technical teams for the process of checking and controlling the home lines and meters in the lanes where high losses were observed | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 15 | IS,TM=Interruption in supply,Transmission Main | The lack of cleanliness in the tanks of some participants and the lack of tightness of their covers (the possibility of water contamination). | The women’s cadre in the establishment went out to conduct awareness campaigns for housewives and to clarify the harms of water pollution. | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 16 | F= Finance | The inability of sewage conveying lines to accommodate urban expansion. | Suction and removal of waste when necessary, with the search for a financier to implement additional Sabtec tanks and all the necessary materials and works for the implementation and connection of the new houses. | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 17 | IS,TM=Interruption in supply,Transmission Main | Failure of the pump for sludge suction from the Sabtic Tanks (frequent blockages and sewage overflows in the streets and neighborhoods). | - Searching for a supplier to provide a sludge suction pump according to the specifications prepared for this, as well as providing another white (truck) suitable and suitable for the sewage system (Septic Tank). | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 18 | IS,TM=Interruption in supply,Transmission Main | Unavailability of a sample testing laboratory Occupational and health safety tools. | Providing some occupational and health safety requirements and what is related to the laboratory, as the institution is still looking for funding. | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 19 | IS,TM=Interruption in supply,Transmission Main | Blockages and difficulty in sewage flowing into the slaughterhouse waste tanks. | Assigning the employees of the institution to suction and clean the tanks of the slaughterhouses when there is a need for funding for rehabilitation and improvement. | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 20 | IS,TM=Interruption in supply,Transmission Main | The leakage of rain and torrential water into sewage tanks and manholes as a result of broken covers. | Installing the available covers for the main places with a search for financing to provide and install covers with loops for all rooms and closets whose covers are broken | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 21 | IS,TM=Interruption in supply,Transmission Main | The leakage of rain and torrential water into sewage tanks and manholes as a result of broken covers. | Installing the available covers for the main places with a search for financing to provide and install covers with loops for all rooms and closets whose covers are broken | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 22 | IS,TM=Interruption in supply,Transmission Main | The leakage of rain and torrential water into sewage tanks and manholes as a result of broken covers. | Installing the available covers for the main places with a search for financing to provide and install covers with loops for all rooms and closets whose covers are broken | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 23 | IS,TM=Interruption in supply,Transmission Main | The leakage of rain and torrential water into sewage tanks and manholes as a result of broken covers. | Installing the available covers for the main places with a search for financing to provide and install covers with loops for all rooms and closets whose covers are broken | - | No = No effect | 7 – 10 High risk |
6. Action plan for prioritised resilience risks
Table 12. Summary of action plan for prioritised risks related to the finance and administration
This section presents an action plan for the prioritised performance and resilience risks that relate to financing, organization, administration, and customer relations (Table 12). Some lower priority actions may also be included in the table if they are very easy to overcome at low or no cost. For the actions, it is essential to take a gender sensitive approach and take into account gender specific data.
| 1 | LF=LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | Intensifying work on debt collection and raising the level of societal awareness through awareness and follow-up. Introducing the PDA field electronic collection system. | Enterprise management + financial management + subscriber account management + technical management + relationship management and subscriber services | 1 year | $100,000 | Low level of collection and accumulation of indebtedness. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | F=Finance | Providing and operating the project’s pumping sources and stages with alternative energy (solar energy), and then preparing a tariff study after reviewing the actual costs of operation and maintenance. | Enterprise management + financial management + subscriber account management + the foundation's advisory committee | 1-2 year | $400,000 | The tariff does not cover operating and maintenance expenses and workers' wages. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | ADM = administration and customer relations | Improving material and moral incentives and employee benefits. - Updating the regulations in line with the competencies and tasks of each employee. | Enterprise Administration + Financial Affairs Department + Administrative Affairs Department | 1-2 year | $30,000 | Leakage of some qualified cadres and failure to raise the efficiency of others. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 4 | F=Finance | Searching for supportive bodies to obtain the GIS system and update the performance indicator system PIIS | Department of Technical Affairs and Studies + Department of Financial Affairs | 1 year | $20,000 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 5 | F=Finance | Searching for supportive bodies to obtain the GIS system and update the performance indicator system PIIS | Department of Technical Affairs and Studies + Department of Financial Affairs | 1 year | $20,000 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 6 | F=Finance | Searching for supportive bodies to obtain the GIS system and update the performance indicator system PIIS | Department of Technical Affairs and Studies + Department of Financial Affairs | 1 year | $20,000 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 7 | F=Finance | Searching for supportive bodies to obtain the GIS system and update the performance indicator system PIIS | Department of Technical Affairs and Studies + Department of Financial Affairs | 1 year | $20,000 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources. | (7 – 10) High risk |
Table 13. Summary of action plan for prioritised water supply performance risks.
| 1 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | - Rehabilitation of the lines whose tracks are exposed to the torrential cliffs. | Corporation Administration+ donor | 6 months | $250,000 | Some sites of the pumping lines are subjected to torrential erosion, which causes the pumping process to stop. | intolerable risk |
| 2 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | High coordination with the local authority and the Ministry of Water and Environment to find serious solutions to reduce random digging. - Enhancing the efficiency of wells by drilling three additional wells from another basin. | The Water Resources Authority + the local authority + the administrati on of the institution. | 1-2 year | $180,000 | The random drilling of private wells and the depletion of groundwater led to a decrease in the water level of 4 wells and their out of service. | intolerable risk |
| 3 | IS,F=Interruption in supply،Finance | Building and constructing a main water collection tank with a capacity of 1000 m3. Providing a diesel tank with a capacity of 100 thousand liters. | Corporation Administration+ donor. | 1 year | $207,000 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | high risk |
| 4 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | Providing new generators with spare parts for maintenance work. Providing new pumps and providing spare parts for maintenance work. Training technicians to maintain and operate generators. | Corporation Administration+ donor. | 6 months | $200,000 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | high risk |
| 5 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | Supplying highly efficient meters with air valves. - Installing meters in the main lines at the beginning of the route to the water distribution areas. | Corporation Administration+ donor. | 6 months | $160,000 | Difficulty maintaining some water transmission lines located in rugged areas. | high risk |
| 6 | DB,IS=Distribution System,interruption in supply | Providing a mobile maintenance workshop. Providing a means of transportation. | Corporation Administration+ donor. | 6 months | $125,000 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | high risk |
| 7 | IS,F=Interruption in supply،Finance | Building and constructing a main water collection tank with a capacity of 1000 m3. Providing a diesel tank with a capacity of 100 thousand liters. | Corporation Administration+ donor. | 1 year | $207,000 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | high risk |
| 8 | IS,TM=Interruption in supply,Transmission Main | A variety of direct and indirect societal awareness. Providing educational tools and supplies such as brochures, printers, computers, speakers, and others. | Corporation Administration+ donor. | 1 year | $200,00 | Illegal thefts and inaccurate metering. | high risk |
| 9 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | Providing new generators with spare parts for maintenance work. Providing new pumps and providing spare parts for maintenance work. Training technicians to maintain and operate generators. | Corporation Administration+ donor. | 6 months | $200,000 | Frequent malfunctions of generators and pumps and the lack of spare stock. | high risk |
| 10 | IS,F=Interruption in supply،Finance | Building and constructing a main water collection tank with a capacity of 1000 m3. Providing a diesel tank with a capacity of 100 thousand liters. | Corporation Administration+ donor. | 1 year | $207,000 | The storage capacity of the current main water distribution tanks as well as fuel storage tanks is insufficient. | high risk |
| 11 | DB,IS=Distribution System,interruption in supply | Providing cocks, non- return valves and air valves of different diameters. | Corporation Administration+ donor | 6 months | $10,000 | the lack of cleanliness in the tank of some participants and the lack of tightness of their covers(the possibility o water contamination) | high risk |
Table 14. Summary of action plan for prioritised wastewater performance risks
| 1 | SS,TM=Sewer System,Transmission Main | Implementation of additional Sabtic Tanks for the places of urban expansion, linking houses with them, and rehabilitating what was previously implemented. Providing plastic tubes of different diameters with all accessories. Providing maintenance equipment, tools and supplies. - Complete the implementation of the sewage project for areas not served by the project in the first phase. | Management of corporation and the donors | 2-3 year | $3,360,000 | The inability of sewage conveying lines to accommodate urban expansion. | intolerable risk |
| 2 | SS = Sewer System | Providing an integrated laboratory. Technical training. Providing occupational and health safety tools. | Management of corporation and the donors | 6 months | $30,000 | Unavailability of a sample testing laboratory and occupational and health safety tools. | intolerable risk |
| 3 | SS = Sewer System | Providing an integrated laboratory. Technical training. Providing occupational and health safety tools. | Management of corporation and the donors | 6 months | $30,000 | Unavailability of a sample testing laboratory and occupational and health safety tools. | intolerable risk |
7. Proposed monitoring system
The proposed monitoring comprises two main issues: overall monitoring of the monthly performance of the water supply and waste water system and progress with the implementation of the RSIP.
In this section it is also important to indicate when the RSIP will be reviewed and revised as needed (possibly on an annual basis).
Annex 1 RSIP Team and list of advisors that where consulted
The proposed monitoring system needs to cover system performance, effectivity op control measures, and implementation of the RSIP.
In this section it is also important to indicate when the RSIP will be reviewed and revised as needed (possibly on an annual basis).
| 1 | Eng. Najeeb Alnuzili | Almahweet Co | Tead leader | 770221234 | najeebalnozily1986@gmail.co m |
| 2 | Ali Aluzili | Almahweet Co | Member | 777895970 | alialnozily0@gmail.com |
| 3 | Dr. Mansoor Hadarah | EWC | councillor | 733333016 | - |
| 4 | Dr. Mohamed Almutawkel | EWC | councillor | 777167716 | - |
| 5 | Dr. Mohamed Almutawkel | EWC | councillor | 777167716 | - |
| 6 | Dr. Mohamed Almutawkel | EWC | councillor | 777167716 | - |
| 7 | Dr. Mohamed Almutawkel | EWC | councillor | 777167716 | - |
Overview of the boreholes used for the water supply
| Overview of the boreholes used for the water supply |  |
|---|
Table 15. Important risks in the water catchment area
Provide a brief description of the catchment area (Figure 3) (in case of a groundwater scheme of the aquifer and its main recharge area) and an indication of the main hazardous events in the water catchment area (water quality, water availability, landslides, catchment deterioration, expansion of agricultural border) that may affect system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 14). It is important to indicate whether the water utility by itself can do something in the water catchment or that it depends on other actors. This may include for example climate change related problems or over pumping by other actors.
| 1 | Groundwater depletion, over-excavation and loss of control from the competent authorities (leading to reduced productivity) | IS = Interruption in supply | 5 = very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
Table 16. Important risks in the water source and water intake
Provide a brief description of the water source(s) and water intake(s) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 15). This may include contamination of the source, deteriorating water quality in the source, lack of power sources, falling water table, damages of the intake due to war, flooding or other causes. If several boreholes exist, it may be an option to combine the description of the boreholes that tap the same aquifer, to minimize the length of the report. Yet it is essential that specific risks and hazardous events that are related to specific boreholes, such as high sensitivity to war damages, conflict points, or technical cracks in cover or casing that affect water quality of the borehole. Also provide a brief description of possible water loss that may take place in the water intake or transmission lines (Table 16). Whereas this is not included in the definition of non-revenue water it is important to understand the situation and explore whether this water loss can be prevented as it may make more water available for the water system or for other users. Water losses due to illegal use from the wells field or in the transmission lines for irrigation purposes consumes massive amount of water compared to domestic illegal uses.
| 1 | The random drilling of private wells and the depletion of groundwater led to a decrease in the water level of 4 wells and their out of service. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
Overview of the Technical Design of Lc Boreholes
| Figure 4. Overview of the Technical Design of Lc Boreholes |  |
|---|
Table 17. Water loss in the water intake
Provide a brief description of the transmission main (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, water meter(s) and valves) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 17). This may include: leaking pipes, old pipes, landslides, poor reparations, illegal connections, etc. In case of pumping issues may be lack of fuel, poor electricity supply, inadequate maintenance etc. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place (Table 18).
Picture of a diagram of the transmission lines
| Overview of the Technical Design of Sana’a Lc Boreholes |  |
|---|
Table 18 Important risks in the transmission main
Provide a brief description of the transmission main (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, water meter(s) and valves) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 17). This may include: leaking pipes, old pipes, landslides, poor reparations, illegal connections, etc. In case of pumping issues may be lack of fuel, poor electricity supply, inadequate maintenance etc. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place (Table 18).
| 1 | End of life for most pumping lines (high costs for line maintenance in addition to leaks). | IS,C,P=Interruption in supply, chemical,Physical | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Pressures and explosions in the conveying lines (low pump efficiency). | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | Pressures and explosions in the conveying lines (low pump efficiency). | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
Table 19. Water loss in the transmission main
Table 19. Water loss in the transmission main
| 1 | Leaks as a result of worn out some of the main carrier lines. | %1.5 |
A picture or diagram of the treatment system and chlorination plants
| Figure 6. A picture or diagram of the treatment system and chlorination plants |  |
|---|
Table 20. Important risks related to the water treatment system
Hazard type: M = microbial, C = chemical, P = physical, IS = interruption in supply
Effect: 1 = minimal effect; 3 = serious impact, 5 = very serious impact
Frequency: Rare (1) < 1% of the time, cases, connections; Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time, cases, connections; Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases, connections
| 1 | The lack of cleanliness in the tanks of some subscribers, the lack of tightness of their covers, and the lack of a chlorination unit (the possibility of water contamination | M = Microbial | 5=Very serious impact | 3= Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases | > 10 Intolerable risk |
Table 21. Water loss in the treatment system
Table 21. Water loss in the treatment system
Pictures of typical meter situation and storage tanks
| Figure 7: Pictures of typical meter situation and storage tanks | |
|---|
Table 22. Important risks in the storage reservoir(s)
Provide a brief description of the storage reservoir(s) (Figure 7) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 21). This may include: leakages, damage because of the war, contamination, lack of maintenance. In case water chlorination is included in the storage reservoir than this also needs to be described (and this may entail problems with the supply of chlorine. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place including water that may be lost through the overflow or water used for cleaning (Table 22).
| 1 | The storage capacity of the current main water distribution tanks as well as fuel storage tanks is insufficient. | IS = interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
Table 23. Water loss in water storage reservoir
Table 23. Water loss in water storage reservoir
| 1 | Non-return points (free) during the re-pumping phase in Al- Dawa’ir migration and Beit Al-Dhamari station | %2,2 |
| 2 | The amount of water for washing and maintena | %0.1 |
| 3 | The amount of water for washing and maintena | %0.1 |
Water Distribution Network Diagram
| Figure 8: Diagram of water distribution networks |  |
|---|
Table 24. Important risks in the distribution system(s
Provide a brief description of the distribution system(s) (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, overflow, water meter(s) and valves) and a schematic drawing of the system (Figure 8). Indicate the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 23). This may include: intermittent water supply (rationing), high leakage, illegal connections, inadequate repairs, damage due to the war. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place and the water pressure distribution (Table 24).
| 1 | The end of the life span of most water network lines, especially buried lines | IS,C,P=Interruption in supply, Chemical, Physical | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Illegal thefts | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 3 | Illegal thefts | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
Table 25. Water loss in water distribution system
| 1 | Leaks in the distribution network lines, especially buried and dilapidated lines | %25 |
| 2 | The amount of water that gives benefits to employees | %4.5 |
| 3 | The amount of water that gives benefits to employees | %4.5 |
A picture of the condition of the meter and the household tank
| Figure 9: Picture of the case of the meter and the household tank |  |
|---|
Table 26. Important risks in Household water storage
Provide a brief description of household water situation (type of water meter, household water storage (size, type of material) (Figure 9) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 25). Explore whether risks are gender specific. Give an indication of the water loss that may take place (flowing toilets, plumbing problems, leaking taps, including water that may be lost through the overflow of storage tanks (Table 26).
| 1 | The lack of cleanliness of some subscribers’ tanks and the lack of tightness of their covers (possibility of water contamination) | IS,M= Interruption in supply, | 3 = Serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 3 – 6 Medium risk |
Table 27. Water loss at household level
| 1 | -Not rationalizing consumption. | %1 |
Pictures of alternative water sources
| Figure 10: Pictures of alternative water sources |  |
|---|
Table 28. Important risks in alternative water systems
Provide a brief description of alternative water systems (Figure 10), the level of use by consumers and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect these systems, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 27). This may include for example local water distribution points that provide water to the community which they receive from tankers (paid by humanitarian organizations), local wells and rainwater systems. In the Yemeni context alternative water sources may be an important source for drinking water and may for example entail a risk of spreading cholera, but also may affect water sales of the utility, affecting its financial sustainability and resilience.
| 1 | Water tanks may bring water from more than one protected and unprotected source (leading to the possibility of contamination and the spread of infection). 3 2 6 The suffering of children and women in fetching water (which leads to women and children being put at risk and their rights infringed). | P,M=physical,Microbial | 3 = Serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 3 – 6 Medium risk |
Table 29. Less important risks that were identified
Table 29: Less important risks that were identified
| 1 | - | M = microbial | 1 = Minimal effect | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | <3 Low risk |
Table 30. Intervention to reduce risk of water tariff not covering cost
Intervention to reduce risk of water tariff not covering cost
| 1 | The tariff for water and sewage services does not cover the operating and maintenance expenses and the wages of the workers and thus the inability of the institution to fulfill its obligations. | 1-2 years | $400,000 | Operating the sources and stages of pumping for the project with alternative energy (solar energy) and then preparing a tariff study after reviewing the actual costs of operation and maintenance. | Preparing a new tariff study after reviewing the actual costs of operation and maintenance. - Submitting a proposal to study the tariff to decision makers for approval. - Completion of linking wells to alternative energy projects, preparing studies for them, and searching for supportive bodies for their implementation. - Searching for supportive bodies to save fuel (diesel). - Scheduling the debt, forming teams, and intensifying work to collect it. - Activating electronic collection methods and updating the billing and collection system. - Implementation of intensive community awareness campaigns to raise the efficiency of collection. |
| 2 | High energy costs and lack of fuel raise production costs | 1-2 Years | $205,500 | Improving energy efficiency and reducing fuel use by linking sources with alternative energy, enhancing the efficiency of wells by rehabilitating and deepening them, reducing waste water and rationalizing spending. | - Completion of linking the Corporation's wells and pumping stations to alternative energy systems. - Enhancing water sources by rehabilitating some wells to obtain productive feasibility from them by consuming less fuel and at a lower operational financial cost as well. - Reducing fuel consumption (regular maintenance). - Searching for supporting bodies and organizations to provide the fuel needed to operate the station. Preparing studies for the implementation of the above projects. - Carry out periodic maintenance of generators. |
| 3 | Low level of collection and accumulation of indebtedness. | 1 year | $100,000 | Intensifying work on debt collection, raising community awareness, and providing PDA field electronic collection system devices | Forming intensive collection teams and determining the billing percentage of the collected amounts and approving it as incentives and rewards for the employees within it. Providing a collection service through banks, money changers, and others. - Conducting intensive awareness campaigns for all segments of society on the importance of the institution's services and the importance of its continuity. Opening the door to facilities, such as: granting discounts - installments of debts. Presenting the indebtedness of major consumers to the board of directors and obligating them to pay and raise them to the leadership of the local authority. - Develop billing and field collection by providing the electronic collection system. PDA |
Table 31. Intervention to Very high NRW (technical and financial losses)
Intervention to Very high NRW (technical and financial losses)
| 1 | Incorporating ten branches into the institution that are not financially, administratively and technically qualified. | 2-3 Years | $100,000 | Preparing an organizational bylaw for the institution that regulates the workflow and tasks between it and the branches, providing the requirements for institutional building and the comprehensive rehabilitation of the institution and new branches financially, administratively and technically. | Preparing the needs of the institutional building of the institution and its branches. - Preparing the need for training courses for the institution and branches in the technical, financial and administrative aspects. -Searching for sponsors to finance. Preparing an organizational bylaw for the institution that regulates the workflow and tasks between it and the branches, providing the requirements for institutional building and the comprehensive rehabilitation of the institution and new branches financially, administratively and technically. - Preparing the needs of the institutional building of the institution and its branches. - Preparing the need for training courses for the institution and branches in the technical, financial and administrative aspects. -Searching for sponsors to finance. |
| 2 | The inability of the institution to close the accounts of the financial institution for the previous years. | 1 year | $50,000 | Providing financing for the use of a chartered accountant to close the accounts of previous years | - Find financing. |
Table 32. Intervention to reduce risk of high fuel prices and frequent fuel crises (Fuel Instability)
Intervention to reduce risk of high fuel prices and frequent fuel crises (Fuel Instability)
| 1 | Quitting of some qualified cadres and failure to raise the efficiency of others. | 2-3 year | 30,000$ | Improving material and moral incentives, employee benefits, and updating regulations. Raising several donors by approving an incentive for employees to improve the institution's revenues. - Updating the regulations in line with the competencies and tasks of each employee. | - Find financing. |
| 2 | Lack of accurate data for network sites and project sources | 1 year | 20,000$ | Searching for supportive bodies to obtain the GIS system and update the performance indicator system PIIS. | Searching for funding to provide a GIS application, update the PIIS system, and train workers on it. |
table 33.Intervention to reduce risk of households water storage tanks
In this section, the proposed actions to improve the system and enhance its resilience are presented in some detail. In this version of the report the activities related to only one of the main risks are presented in table (A2.10.1); in the final version also the other priority actions will be included.
| 1 | The random drilling of private wells and the depletion of groundwater led to a decrease in the water level of 4 wells and their out of service. | 1-2 years | 180,000$ | Protection and control of the water basin area to limit or reduce the excessive depletion of groundwater and rehabilitate and operate suspended wells. | Searching for financing to cover the costs of the necessary activities. Rehabilitation of (4) stalled wells as a result of the drop in the water level. - Digging of new (3) wells with the provision of integrated pumping units to operate them to increase productivity to cover the sufficient needs of citizens. - High coordination with the local authority and the Ministry of Water and Environment to find serious solutions to reduce random digging. Assigning a specialized team of geologists and engineers to prepare the geological and survey studies necessary to conduct the inventory. Formation of field teams to raise awareness and make guarding points for the water basin to prevent random digging, especially in agricultural areas. |
| 2 | The end of the life span of most water network lines, especially buried lines. | 2 years | $650,000 | Rehabilitation and maintenance of pumping lines and the distribution network, especially buried lines, dividing the network in the lanes into closed squares, in addition to providing iron pipes with accessories of different diameters for periodic and emergency maintenance work, as well as providing leakage testing devices. | Preparing studies, engineering plans and bills of quantities for: - Rehabilitation and maintenance of pumping lines and the installation of a pump line Qatar 6H from Seil El- Ayoun station to Al-Hijrah station. - Rehabilitation and maintenance of the distribution network, especially the buried lines, and dividing the network in alleys into closed squares. Providing iron pipes with accessories of different diameters for periodic and emergency maintenance work. Providing leakage testing devices. - Find funding from donors. - Project execution. |
| 3 | Some sites of the pumping lines are subjected to torrential erosion, which causes the pumping process to stop. | 6 months | $250,000 | Rehabilitation of the lines whose path is exposed to the dredging of torrents by replacing the pipes of the fetching type with the pipes of the flange type with the work of concrete supports for the sloping sites as well as the work of a stream for the torrents in the possible places. | Preparing a study to rehabilitate the lines whose path is exposed to dredging torrents by replacing the pipes of the fetching type with the flange type pipes with the work of concrete supports for the sloping sites as well as the work of a stream for the torrents in the possible places. - Find financing. - Execution. |
table 34: Intervention to reduce risk of sewers blockage
In this section, the proposed actions to improve the system and enhance its resilience are presented in some detail. In this version of the report the activities related to only one of the main risks are presented in table (34); in the final version also the other priority actions will be included.
| 1 | unavailability of a laboratory to test water samples and chlorination units. | 6 months | $50,000 | Providing an integrated laboratory for testing water samples, as well as providing chlorination units and training technicians. | - Preparing studies with the required specifications by providing an integrated laboratory for testing water samples and chlorination units. - Find financing. - Supply and implementation. |
| 2 | The mixing of drinking water with sewage water due to the proximity of the water network lines to the sewage rooms and manholes. | 6 months | $140,000 | Rehabilitation of some water network extensions and their removal from the vicinity of tanks and sewage rooms. | - Preparing technical studies that can intervene to rehabilitate some of the water network extensions and remove them from the vicinity of tanks and sewage rooms - Find financing. - Execution. |
| 3 | Some leaks and explosions in the pumping lines and reduce the efficiency of pumps. | 6 months | 10,000$ | Providing valves, check valves and air valves of different diameters. | Preparing the specifications and requirements for cocks, check valves and air valves of different diameters - Searching for financing to meet the needs. - Supply. |
| 4 | Difficulty maintaining some water transmission lines located in rugged areas. | 6 months | 125,000$ | Providing a mobile maintenance workshop with a means of transportation. | Preparing the necessary specifications and requirements. - Searching for financing to meet the needs. - Supply. |
