Water and Sanitation Local Cooperation's RSIP
Annotated content page RSIP(Note for the reader; this annotated content page has been developed to facilitate the development of the Resilience and Service Improvement Plan (RSIP) report
1 Summary of the plan
This section provides a brief summary of the main problems and actions that were identified to enhance the performance of the utility and improve its resilience. The summary presents the main problems and solutions that have been identified related to the financial, administrative and technical performance, whilst also looking at possible environmental and man-made threats (Table 1).This section visualizes a brief summery for the main problems and procedures that were identified to enhance the performance of the utilities and improve its resilience plan. The summery also demonstrates main problems and the optimal solutions that have been identified regarding Financial, administrative and technical performance. It also highlights the possible environmental and humanitarian threats.
Table 1 Summary of main problems, proposed actions and time frame
The main problems and proposed actions are briefly presented below under three* main subheadings:
Financial, administrative and consumer related risks
Risk and intervention 1: …….. (just the name or a brief explanation of the problem; followed by the proposed intervention in a little more detail than indicated in the table)
Risk and intervention 2: …..
Risk and intervention 3: ……
Technical risks
Risk and intervention 1: …….
Risk and intervention 2: ……..
Risk and intervention 3: …….
This summery will very much help sharing the planned activities with different actors.
| 1 | The water tariff does not cover production costs; (big increase in fuel cost and cost of materials/spare parts). | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | increasing NRW (technical and economic losses). | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | Increasing & high cost of fuel. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 4 | Suspended governemental investement programe since 2015. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 5 | High indebtedness ( goverment and domestic) Significantly high indebtedness (increasing debt) to government agencies and the government's failure to meet the indebtedness and domestic customers. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 6 | Job indiscipline (main employs and staff of Owners of Well Fields). | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 7 | Failure to pay employee premiums for insurance which caused the non-replacement and renewal | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 8 | The Local authority imposed its in internal appointments | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 9 | Non-responsiveness of external organizations to the urgent needs of our Branches in the governorates | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 10 | The deterioration of the local currency led to a high rise in the prices of materials, spare parts, and cost of production & operation | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 11 | Economic collapse and high rising cost of living led to the reluctance of citizens to pay water invoices. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 12 | Failure to print bills regular lead to weakness of water payment. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 13 | Show fake accounts in asset depreciation installments that lead to the emergence of a financial deficit. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 14 | Lack of clarity in the organizational structure in job description and responsibility determination | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 15 | Lack of employee motivation affects the performance of the institution.(stopping of training-weak job loyalty- nonpayment of bonuses and incentives). | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 16 | There is an imbalance between the number of employees and the required specialties. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 17 | Failure to activate the principle of reward and punishment which led to idleness and disruption of work. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 18 | High leakage in networks. | intolerable risk |
| 19 | Less Capacity of transmission lines from the wellfields to the city. | intolerable risk |
| 20 | Energy supply problems in most pumps. | intolerable risk |
| 21 | Frequently Pumps break down. | intolerable risk |
| 22 | An available of standby pump and spare parts. | intolerable risk |
| 23 | Unavailability of laboratory for drinking water test. | intolerable risk |
| 24 | The lack of water required to cover the city due to minimum existing water resources | high risk |
| 25 | Breakdown & Explosion of pumping & transmission lines in Alosha Wellfield due to Live span. | high risk |
| 26 | Illegal connections from the citizens. | high risk |
| 27 | Unavailability of main meters at the entrances to the city | high risk |
| 28 | Increase of percentage Barked houses Meters. | high risk |
| 29 | Increasing of blockage in sewage and overflow due to full of sit bit holes. | intolerable risk |
| 30 | Waste water disposal to wadi without treatment | intolerable risk |
| 31 | The existing waste water lines is old and destroyed with small diameters | intolerable risk |
| 32 | Old manholes and lack of covers from the previously implemented network (20%) | intolerable risk |
| 33 | Lack of sewage mechanisms (suction cars - dam cars and cranes) and most of them are broken and need maintenance | intolerable risk |
2 Introduction
The resilience and service improvement plan (RSIP) for the water utility ……….. was developed in ….., by a small team of .. persons (Annex 1). It presents an overview of the water supply and sewerage system, its main components, and the main problems related to the performance of the organization and the risks that have been identified related to the water quality, quantity and continuity of the water supply waste water services. It outlines the envisaged actions that have been prioritised to be implemented to enhance performance and improve resilience to respond to natural and manmade disasters. It includes a time frame, an indication of responsible actors, and provides a brief description of the monitoring and review process that is envisaged. The plan also looks at the risks related to the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 virus.
Revise text: Whereas there is no indication of transmission of this virus through water supply, the pandemic may cause serious disruptions in system operations This may include shortage of staff, power disruptions, and shortages of chemicals and other supplies, caused for example by Government directives. Protecting the health and safety of employees needs to be emphasized in the risk mitigation plan to ensure that essential functions can be maintained..
The RSIP was approved by …. on …. (date), and will be reviewed on …. (date)
Table 2. Basic information about the utility and its customers
This section provides basic information of the water utility and its customers (Table 2)
| Name of the utility | National Water & Sanitation Authority (NWSA) - Attaq branch – shabwa Gov. |
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| City/Governorate | Shabwa Gov – Ataq City |
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| City Population | 95,000 |
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| Number of customers (water supply / wastewater) | 3836 water and 730 - waste water |
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| Water supply/ Waste water coverage | Water Supply 80%; Waste water 20% |
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| How many internally displaced persons (IDP) are served by the system (and % of IDP in area) | 25,000 (26%) |
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| Per capita water demand (l/c/d) | 50 L/person/day |
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| Average water demand (m3/day)Untitled | 2400 |
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| Average water production (m3/day) | 2652 |
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| Average water volume billed (m3/day) | 1200 |
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| Per capita consumption (l/c/d), (billed) | 12.6 L/person/day |
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| Operating hours/day and day/week | 7 hours/d 7 d/week |
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| Main Power source | Public electricity +generators + solar energy |
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| Number of staff | 110(Perment staff 85 employer +24 temparary staff + 1 transfer from other org. ) |
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| Non-revenue water (NRW) (%) | 55% |
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| Average volume of waste water produced (m3/day) | Total 3230- in network : 646 |
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| Average volume of waste water treated (m3/day) | 0 |
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Table 3a. Financial performance of the water branch of the utility
Financial performance of the water branch of the utility
| Rate revenues(metered) per year | 145367 (12835 domestic) |
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| Income from flat rates (not metered) per year | 0 |
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| Income from commercial customers per year | 17015 |
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| Income from public taps, if any per year | 0 |
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| Subsidy (government, municipality) per year | 120000 |
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| Other income (specify) per year | 17373 |
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| Total annual income | 292019 |
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| Total annual expenditures | 386344 |
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| Collection efficiency (payment received/billed amount/year) | 34.5% |
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| Annual cost recovery from users (income from users /expenditures) | 40 % |
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| Average cost of water production and distribution (per m3) | 0.895 |
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Table 3b. Financial performance of the waste water branch
Table 3b. Financial performance of the waste water branch (This table only need to be included if cost for water and sanitation are available separately)
| Income from waste water (WW) charges to users per year | - |
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| Income from WW charges to commercial customers per year | - |
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| Subsidy (government, municipality) per year | - |
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| Other income (specify) per year | - |
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| Total annual income | - |
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| Total annual expenditures | - |
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| Collection efficiency (payment received/billed amount/year) | - |
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| Annual cost recovery from users (income from users /expenditures) | - |
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| Average cost of waste water discharge and treatment (per m3) | - |
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Table 4. Main cost items for the water and waste water (cost in $ per year) (2019)
Table 4. Main cost items for the water and waste water (cost in $ per year)
| Staff cost for water supply | 137770 |
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| Staff cost for waste water | 2130 |
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| Staff cost-Total cost per year | 139901 |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.) for water supply | 17496 |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.) for waste water | 1944 |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.)-Total cost per year | 19440 |
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| Energy cost for water supply | 120021 |
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| Energy cost for waste water | 7800 |
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| Energy cost (also includes maintenance cost of all transport) - Total cost per year | 127821 |
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| Chemicals costs for water supply | 0 |
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| Chemicals costs for waste water | 0 |
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| Chemicals costs-Total cost per year | 0 |
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| Materials costs for water supply | 3116 |
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| Materials costs for waste water | 164 |
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| Materials costs -Total cost per year | 3280 |
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| Contracts for larger repairs for water supply | 12760 |
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| Contracts for larger repairs for waste water | 1418 |
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| Contracts for larger repairs -Total cost per year | 14178 |
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| Others for water supply | 79272 |
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| Others for waste water | 2452 |
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| Others-Total cost per year | 81724 |
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| Total annual cost for water supply | 370435 |
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| Total annual cost for waste water | 15908 |
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| Total annual cost- Total cost per year | 3966344 |
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| The cost items include the monetary value of the in-kind contributions the utility receives; The table does not include cost related to system expansion If cost for water and waste water cannot be separated then just fill the last column | - |
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Table 5 Water balance
One key tool to assess the situation in the utility is the water balance (Table 5). Filling out the water balance will give an indication of the performance of the utility in terms of water supply. On average in 2019 a volume of …. m3 is put into supply and on average a volume of …. m3 is being billed to customers. A more detailed estimate of the water balance is presented in Table 5.
This overview only concerns the water loss as defined by IWA, which is about the water that is produced and put into supply. In addition however water may be ‘lost’ in the intake structure and in the transmission main to the water treatment plant, (or water tank with disinfection), the treatment process (backwash) and the transmission to water storage tanks.
| Authorized consumption m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption Billed m3 | 432000 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed metered Volume m3 | 432000 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed unmetered Volume m3 | 0 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed Unpaid metered (partly delayed payment)Volume m3 | 0 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed Unpaid unmetered Volume m3 | 0 |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled Volume m3 | 0 |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled metered Volume m3 | 0 |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled unmetered m3 | 0 |
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| Water losses m3 | 0 |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) m3 | 209741 |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) - Metering inaccuracies volume m3 | 22737 |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) - Unauthorized consumption (illegal connections)volume m3 | 186995 |
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| Water losses Real losses volume m3 | 310009 |
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| Water losses Real losses Leakages in storage reservoirs, distribution mains and service lines volume m3 | 258035 |
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| Water losses-Real losses -Overflow of water tanks, flushing of pipes volume m3 | 51974 |
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| Total Revenue water-Authorized\consumption | 147000 |
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| Total non revenue water m3 | 519741 |
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Table 6 Main financial and organizational problems and risks
In this section the main financial and organizational problems are being presented that may jeopardize the performance and the resilience of the utility. Hazardous events in this area may relate to financing, administration and customer relationships (Table 6). The main hazardous events have to be identified and the risks have to be assessed to be able to prioritize action.
Problems may include a high level of non-revenue water. It may be this is already known in more detail (high water physical water loss, many illegal connections, and water meter inaccuracies). It may also be a more general problem of water tariffs that are not covering the cost, a large number of displaced persons with limited resources, or because other financial resources such as support from external organizations may be at risk.
Administrative problems may include: high staff turnover, weak staff regulations, administrative difficulties such as meter reading, inaccurate customer data base, as well as not following up on customer complaints.
| 1 | The water tariff does not cover production costs; (big increase in fuel cost and cost of materials/spare parts). | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | increasing NRW (technical and economic losses). | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | Increasing & high cost of fuel. | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 4 | Suspended governemental investement programe since 2015. | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 5 | High indebtedness ( goverment and domestic) Significantly high indebtedness (increasing debt) to government agencies and the government's failure to meet the indebtedness and domestic customers. | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 6 | Job indiscipline (main employs and staff of Owners of Well Fields). | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 7 | Failure to pay employee premiums for insurance which caused the non-replacement and renewal | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 8 | The Local authority imposed its in internal appointments | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 9 | Non-responsiveness of external organizations to the urgent needs of our Branches in the governorates | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 10 | The deterioration of the local currency led to a high rise in the prices of materials, spare parts, and cost of production & operation | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 11 | Economic collapse and high rising cost of living led to the reluctance of citizens to pay water invoices. | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 12 | Failure to print bills regular lead to weakness of water payment. | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 13 | Show fake accounts in asset depreciation installments that lead to the emergence of a financial deficit. | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 14 | Lack of clarity in the organizational structure in job description and responsibility determination | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 15 | Lack of employee motivation affects the performance of the institution.(stopping of training-weak job loyalty- nonpayment of bonuses and incentives). | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 16 | There is an imbalance between the number of employees and the required specialties. | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 17 | Failure to activate the principle of reward and punishment which led to idleness and disruption of work. | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
3 Review of risks in the water supply system
This section provides an overview of the system including some key characteristics (Table 7), a map with the system components (Figure 1) and an overview of the main risks that have been identified (Table 8). These risks may relate to different types of hazards including the deterioration of the biological, chemical or physical water quality, problems related to the availability of water, interruption of water distribution. The information presented in this chapter is based on the detailed assessment of each component of the water system presented in Annex 2.
Table 7. Basic information about the water supply system
This section provides an overview of the system including some key characteristics (Table 7), a map with the system components (Figure 1) and an overview of the main risks that have been identified (Table 8). These risks may relate to different types of hazards including the deterioration of the biological, chemical or physical water quality, problems related to the availability of water, interruption of water distribution. The information presented in this chapter is based on the detailed assessment of each component of the water system presented in Annex 2.
| Type of water source(s) | Groundwater |
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| Number of boreholes and capacity (l/s) | (17) boreholes (11) working 11L/S |
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| Depth of boreholes (range) | (from 70 to 450) m |
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| Age (average and range) | (from 10 to 30) years |
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| Average water production (m3/day) | 2652 m3/day |
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| Type of water treatment | Chloride( stopped because the war) |
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| Design capacity (m3/day) | 5000 m3/d |
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| Transmission lines + pumping mains (km) | 42 km mains; |
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| Distribution system (service connections) (km) | 113.716 km distribution |
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| Water storage tanks (number& total capacity in m3) | 5 tanks and capacity = 4587m3 |
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| Number of operating water pumps | 11 |
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| Spare pumps | 0 |
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| Number of house connections (W &WW) | Water 3836; Waste water 760 |
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| Part of house connections with meters (%) | 80% |
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| Number of public, social and utility standpoints | 2 in ousha |
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| Operating hours/day and day/week | 7 hours/d 7 d/week |
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| Main Power source | Public electricity +generators + solar energy |
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| Number of bulk water meters | Public electricity +generators + solar energy |
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| Non-revenue water (NRW) | 55% |
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| Commercial losses (%) of NRW | 22% |
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| Leakage (%) of NRW | 22% |
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| Average operating pressure (m) and range | 50 – 80 m |
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| Number of pipe bursts (No/km/year) | 5 number/km/ year |
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| Specific damages caused by the war | Non |
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| Schematic drawing of the system and its main components |  |
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Table 8. Summary of important hazards and risks in the components of the water system
Hazard type: M = microbial, C = chemical, P = physical, IS = interruption in supply. Effect: 1 = minimal effect; 3 = serious impact, 5 = very serious impact Frequency: Rare (1) < 1% of the time, cases, connections, area; Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time, cases, connections, area; Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases, connections, area Risk levels (frequency x effect): low risk < 3; medium risk 3 – 6; high risk 7 – 10; intolerable risk > 10 |
| 1 | High leakage in networks. | IS,M,C= Interruption in supply, Microbial ,Chemical | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 2 | Less Capacity of transmission lines from the wellfields to the city. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 3 | Energy supply problems in most pumps. | P = Physical | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 4 | Frequently Pumps break down. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 5 | An available of standby pump and spare parts. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 6 | Unavailability of laboratory for drinking water test. | IS,M= Interruption in supply, Microbial | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 7 | The lack of water required to cover the city due to minimum existing water resources | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | high risk |
| 8 | Breakdown & Explosion of pumping & transmission lines in Alosha Wellfield due to Live span. | IS,M,C= Interruption in supply, Microbial ,Chemical | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | high risk |
| 9 | Illegal connections from the citizens. | IS,M= Interruption in supply, Microbial | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 10 | Unavailability of main meters at the entrances to the city | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 11 | Increase of percentage Barked houses Meters. | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
Overview of the water supply system
| Figure 1. Overview of the water supply system |  |
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4 Waste water related problems
In this section the proposed actions to improve performance and enhance resilience are presented in some detail. The activities for each main risk are presented in a separate table (29 etc., ……)
Table 9. Basic information about the waste water system
This section provides an overview of the sewer system and waste water treatment plants, including some key characteristics (Table 9) and a map with the system components (Figure 2).
| Name | - |
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| Average annual flow (m3/year) | Total 116280 - in network 232560 |
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| Type of waste water treatment (and age) | Non |
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| Annual average design flow (m3/year) | Non |
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| Length of sewerage system (km) | 20 km |
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| Design organic load (BOD) | Non |
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| Actual inlet organic load (BOD) | Non |
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| Efficiency: outflow organic load (BOD) | Non |
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| Age of distribution system (average and range) | 35 |
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| Number of service connections | 730 |
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| Number of sewer left stations | Non |
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| Operating hours/day | Non |
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| Main power source | Non |
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| Number of waste water overflow points | 30000 |
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| Specific damages caused by the war | Non |
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Table 10. Summary of important hazards and risks related to waste water
Table 10 presents the main hazardous events and risks that have been identified. These risks may relate to different types of events including blockage of sewers causing contamination of housing areas, deterioration of the infrastructure, pumping problems, interruption or malfunctioning of the treatment system generating odour problems or fly nuisance but also low connection ratio in areas where onsite systems are causing problems. If wastewater management and financing is separated from the management of the water supply system, than risks may also include financing and staff problems. The resulting hazards may include contamination of the service area and of downstream water sources which may contribute to the spread of disease including for example cholera. In case a considerable number of risks exist a good option to consider is to present a more detailed analysis in an annex and just summarise the situation in Table 10.
| 1 | Increasing of blockage in sewage and overflow due to full of sit bit holes. | CS،CD،GC،PF،OP,RDW=Contamination service area,contamination in areas below service area, flies spread,Smell problems,Groundwater contamination, Risk of polluting drinking water | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 2 | Waste water disposal to wadi without treatment | CS, CD,RDW=Contamination service area, Contamination downstream,Risk of polluting drinking water | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 3 | The existing waste water lines is old and destroyed with small diameters | CS،GC=Contamination service area, Groundwater contamination | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 4 | Old manholes and lack of covers from the previously implemented network (20%) | CS, CD,RDW=Contamination service area, Contamination downstream,Risk of polluting drinking water | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 5 | Lack of sewage mechanisms (suction cars - dam cars and cranes) and most of them are broken and need maintenance | RDW: Risk of polluting drinking water | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
The wastewater treatment system components
| Figure 3: Picture of the basin area (watershed) | |
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5 Overview of the main risks and possible control measures
Table 11. Effect of control measures on important risk
In this section the main risks that were identified in chapter 2, 3, and 4 are listed (Table 11). For some of these the utility may already have put already control measures or other interventions in place that may reduce the risk if effective or not. This needs to be taken into account in the final priority setting related to the different risks that were established in section 2, 3, and 4. To clarify this issue we can look at some examples. A possible hazardous event may be that a borehole gets contaminated because of inflow of water from the surface due to poor protection of the well head. Flooding may happen a few times a year (score 3 likely) and impact is serious (3) so risk is 9. The utility may have arranged for disinfecting wells after flooding, but this may not prevent water draining into the well when it rains. So the control measure does not seem effective. Hence despite the control measure the risk does remain 9. Another hazardous event may be experienced staff leaving the utility. A control measure that may have been put in place is to develop standard operating procedures so new staff knows what to do, but this may not be sufficient to overcome the lack of experience. So in that case the risk still may be high and this then requires a more in-depth analysis of the causes of experienced staff leaving
| 1 | F= Finance | Water tariff does not cover production costs | The value of the tariff was raised by 50% for all segments, which raised the collection in the first half of 2021 to 50471632 compared to the first half of 2020, which was about 19 million And the value of billed water is 897,88915 compared to 566,28840 | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 2 | F,ADM =Finance,Administration and customer relations | increasing NRW (technical and economic losses) | NRW has been reduced to 40% due to: Maintenance of general and branch lines and wells in Al-Awsha and Shabeka 2- Increasing the water produced as a result of maintenance of wells and stations | 0 | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 3 | F= Finance | High fuel costs | 1- A new power line was connected to the Shabakah and Shabakah fields. 2- Installing solar energy in the grid, Al-Aushah, and the grid 3- Supplying diesel for the right of living from the family organization | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 4 | F= Finance | High government and citizen debt | Follow up on top consumers of merchants and separate Service for the retarded | 0 | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 5 | F= Finance | Suspended governmental investment programme from 2015 | The Ministry of Finance was contacted without reaching a solution | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 6 | SI,WC=Source/Intake,Water Catchment | The lack of water required to cover the city due to the lack of existing water sources Double the carrying capacity of water supply lines from the fields to the city | Production was increased by: Drilling a well in the network and another in the wound - Reduce wastage Supplying 6 pumps for wells and stations | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 7 | TM,DB=Transmission Main,Distribution System | Less Capacity of transmission lines | Completion of a study to replace the ac line from the Al-Awsha field to Al-Madina, which is 22 km | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 8 | SI = Source/Intake | Frequent failures of the pumps | The faulty pumps in the network and the network were replaced due to the poor specifications of the pumps, which led to the pumps stopping | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 9 | SI = Source/Intake | Lack of spare pumps and spare parts | Pumps, plungers and fans were supplied for the pumps | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 10 | TR = Treatment | No water testing laboratory | A study was conducted to establish a laboratory and a chlorination plant | - | No = No effect | 3<Low risk |
| 11 | SI = Source/Intake | Frequent blockages and sewage rashes as a result of leaky pits | A sewage suction car has been supplied | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 12 | SI = Source/Intake | Discharge of sewage waste into the valley without treatment | Signing the implementation of the treatment plant | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 13 | F= Finance | The existing waste water lines is old and destroyed with small diameters. | Signing the implementation of a sewage project at a cost of 7.5 million dollars, including main lines and a treatment plant | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 14 | ADM = Administration and customer relations | Weakness of administrative staff and institutional building | Fully furnished office of the General Manager | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 15 | F= Finance | Failure to pay employee premiums for insurance which caused the non-replacement and renewal | Addressing the Ministry of Finance to pay part of the insurance premiums through a clearing process from the government’s debt without reaching an agreement. | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 16 | F= Finance | The deterioration of the local currency led to a rise in the prices of materials, spare parts, and the cost of production and operation | The local authority and organizations were used to provide spare parts and part of the production cost | - | No = No effect | 3<Low risk |
| 17 | F= Finance | Weak external support from organizations and donors | The organizations were contacted through the General Organization and the Ministry of Water to increase the organizations' support for the branch | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 18 | F= Finance | Failure to issue primary invoices regularly, which leads to poor collection | Invoices are issued every two months on a regular basis | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 19 | DB,ADM=Distribution System, Administration and customer relations | Weak technical staff | A water and sewage engineer was hired to improve the staff | 0 | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 20 | ADM = Administration and customer relations | job indiscipline (employees - employees of the field owners | Job discipline is slightly improved for employees only | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 21 | F= Finance | Residents of areas located near the campus of fields consume water for free and refuse to install meters | The local authority was approached to reach an agreement requiring the residents of the fields to install home or main meters | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
6. Action plan for prioritised resilience risks
Table 12. Summary of action plan for prioritised risks related to the finance and administration
This section presents an action plan for the prioritised performance and resilience risks that relate to financing, organization, administration, and customer relations (Table 12). Some lower priority actions may also be included in the table if they are very easy to overcome at low or no cost. For the actions, it is essential to take a gender sensitive approach and take into account gender specific data.
| 1 | F=Finance | - | - | - | - | increasing NRW (technical and economic losses). | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | F=Finance | - | - | - | - | Increasing & high cost of fuel. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | F=Finance | Support instruction of central bank which aim to stability of local currency - Looking for another sources of income and external support | the government | 3months | - | Suspended governemental investement programe since 2015. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 4 | F=Finance | Communicate with MPIV to orient the international organization and donors to give more care and support | The Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Ministry of Water and Environment public institution Branch management | 3months | - | High indebtedness ( goverment and domestic) Significantly high indebtedness (increasing debt) to government agencies and the government's failure to meet the indebtedness and domestic customers. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 5 | F=Finance | Make deduct and reduce leakage plan with parallel of find administration section with staff concern with leakage problems and divided the city into zoon' and put water meter in entrance of each zone, distributed reservoirs and feeding mains Forced the consumers in and surrounding the wellfields assembling water meter put water meter to the main feeder to them Stopped an illegal connection Up grate skill and knowledge of reading water meter staff with put control program for their work. Replace blocked water meters and part of detreated network with distance of 3000 m | Ministry of Water and Environment public institution Technical Team Branch management | 2years | $2500000 | Failure to pay employee premiums for insurance which caused the non-replacement and renewal | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 6 | F=Finance | Reduce adoption on diesel fuel to operate pumps and change to another choice like solar and wind energy Since this choice is done we looking for external sport to get diesel fuel | Ministry of Water and Environment public institution Technical Team local authority Branch managemen | 1year | 1year | Job indiscipline (main employs and staff of Owners of Well Fields). | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 7 | F=Finance | Coordinate with ministry of water and environment to activate the investment program in the coming period Looking for external support to cover the gap of suspending investment program | Coordinate with ministry of water and environment to activate the investment program in the coming period Looking for external support to cover the gap of suspending investment program | 6 months | 1000 | The Local authority imposed its in internal appointments | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 8 | F=Finance | Coordination with the Ministry of Finance and the local authority in order to find a binding mechanism to pay off the debt (clearance from the budgets of government utilities). Coordination with the local authority to pay part of the household segment debt Motivating subscribers to pay off their debts and deduct part of them. -Activate cut-offs for defaulters | Ministry of Finance Ministry of Water and Environment Public Corporation Local Authority | 1year | 3000 | Non-responsiveness of external organizations to the urgent needs of our Branches in the governorates | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 9 | F=Finance | Replacement of qualified employee due to required needs and develop the abilities of an existing staff by new training programs (technically – administrative management - & and financially). -provide equipment and office furniture. - rehabilitation & maintain the existing building of branch administration to include the new departments and sections. - Build and equip maintenance workshop of meters and make training for staff. | Ministry of Water and Environment public institution Branch management | 1year | 347488 | The deterioration of the local currency led to a high rise in the prices of materials, spare parts, and cost of production & operation | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 10 | ADM = administration and customer relations | Applied the administrative rules (sanctions and salary discounts The operations staff of wellfields must get more care and good control methods for their duty and performance and solve any problems with corporate with local authority | local authority Branch management | 2 month | 0 | Economic collapse and high rising cost of living led to the reluctance of citizens to pay water invoices. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 11 | F=Finance | Communicate with official ministries related with this subject ( ministry of finance, service and insurance ) to get a way to pay the premiums from central support program | Ministry of Water and Environment public institution Branch management | 6months | - | Failure to print bills regular lead to weakness of water payment. | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 12 | F=Finance | Do tariff study with look fair to poor consumers and raise the tariff gradually with smooth manner to get excepting from the consumers and put the cenarios how to do it and the object at less cover the cost of operation and maintenance Get approval and supports the ministry of water and environment and local authority and important persons within the city | Ministry of Water and Environment public institution local authority Branch management | 6months | 5000 | The water tariff does not cover production costs; (big increase in fuel cost and cost of materials/spare parts). | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 13 | F=Finance | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Show fake accounts in asset depreciation installments that lead to the emergence of a financial deficit. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 14 | F=Finance | - | - | - | - | Lack of clarity in the organizational structure in job description and responsibility determination | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 15 | F=Finance | - | - | - | - | Lack of employee motivation affects the performance of the institution.(stopping of training-weak job loyalty- nonpayment of bonuses and incentives). | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 16 | F=Finance | - | - | - | - | There is an imbalance between the number of employees and the required specialties. | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 17 | F=Finance | - | - | - | - | Failure to activate the principle of reward and punishment which led to idleness and disruption of work. | (7 – 10) High risk |
Table 13. Summary of action plan for prioritised water supply performance risks.
| 1 | TM,DB=Transmission Main,Distribution System | Replacement Aousha-Souda line by new line or parallel diameter to capacity production water of Ousha | public institution Branch Technical Team | 1year | 1000,000 | Less Capacity of transmission lines from the wellfields to the city. | intolerable risk |
| 2 | TM,DB=Transmission Main,Distribution System | - | - | - | - | Energy supply problems in most pumps. | intolerable risk |
| 3 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | Choose technical specifications of pump to suitable quality of water and depth wanted.- Improve level of staff maintenance and operation -Photographing the wells in which more than on malfunction occurred in the pumps. | public institution Branch | 1year | 300,000 | Frequently Pumps break down. | intolerable risk |
| 4 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | - Searching for financing through the local authority and donors to find a stock of pump and spare parts | public institution Branch Technical Team | 1year | 500,000 | An available of standby pump and spare parts. | intolerable risk |
| 5 | TR = Treatment, | Coordination with the ministry of water and donors to establish laboratory for the branch. - The work of a sterilization station at the tanks | public institution Branch donor | 1year | 600,000 | Unavailability of laboratory for drinking water test. | intolerable risk |
| 6 | TM,DB,HS=Transmission Main,Distribution System,Household Storage | Make deduct and reduce leakage plan with parallel of find administration section with staff concern with leakage problems and divided the city into zoon' and put water meter in entrance of each zone, distributed reservoirs and feeding mains Forced the consumers in and surrounding the wellfields assembling water meter put water meter to the main feeder to them Stopped an illegal connection Up grate skill and knowledge of reading water meter staff with put control program for their work Replace blocked water meters and part of detreated network with distance of 3000 m | Technical Team | 2 years | 200,000 | High leakage in networks. | intolerable risk |
| 7 | IS,WS= Source/Intake or borehole, Water Catchment | Drilling new wells at different depths in a Shobika and shabka fields Rehabilitation of old wells in AlShobika. Connecting the pumping line of Aousha station with transmission line from Gahwa tank toward Souda station. - Rehabilitation of Shobika , Souda stations ( buildings – pumps) | Ministry of Water and Environment public institution Branch management donor | 1 year | 500,000 | The lack of water required to cover the city due to minimum existing water resources | high risk |
| 8 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | - | - | - | - | Breakdown & Explosion of pumping & transmission lines in Alosha Wellfield due to Live span. | high risk |
| 9 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | - | - | - | - | Illegal connections from the citizens. | high risk |
| 10 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | - | - | - | - | Unavailability of main meters at the entrances to the city | high risk |
| 11 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | - | - | - | - | Increase of percentage Barked houses Meters. | high risk |
Table 14. Summary of action plan for prioritised wastewater performance risks
| 1 | SS = Sewer System | stablishment of sewage treatment plants. Establishment of sewage treatment ponds | Ministry of Water and Environment public institution Branch management donor | 2years | 3,000,000 | Waste water disposal to wadi without treatment | intolerable risk |
| 2 | SS = Sewer System | Completion of the seweage project is currently underway which includes the treatment plant and main lines with the search other financing | Ministry of Water and Environment public institution Branch management donor | 2years | 50,000 | The existing waste water lines is old and destroyed with small diameters | intolerable risk |
| 3 | SS = Sewer System | - | - | - | - | Old manholes and lack of covers from the previously implemented network (20%) | intolerable risk |
| 4 | SS = Sewer System | - | - | - | - | Lack of sewage mechanisms (suction cars - dam cars and cranes) and most of them are broken and need maintenance | intolerable risk |
| 5 | SS = Sewer System | - Implementation of a sewage networks so that covering most city. - Provide sewage equipment (suction cars and open blockage cars | Ministry of Water and Environment public institution Branch management Donor | 1year | 7,000,000 | Increasing of blockage in sewage and overflow due to full of sit bit holes. | intolerable risk |
7. Proposed monitoring system
The proposed monitoring comprises two main issues: overall monitoring of the monthly performance of the water supply and waste water system and progress with the implementation of the RSIP.
In this section it is also important to indicate when the RSIP will be reviewed and revised as needed (possibly on an annual basis).
Annex 1 RSIP Team and list of advisors that where consulted
The proposed monitoring system needs to cover system performance, effectivity op control measures, and implementation of the RSIP.
In this section it is also important to indicate when the RSIP will be reviewed and revised as needed (possibly on an annual basis).
| 1 | Maxim Ali Salem asker | Attaq | Head of the team | 734581379 | Madmaxali1@gmail.com |
Overview of the boreholes used for the water supply
| Overview of the boreholes used for the water supply | |
|---|
Table 15. Important risks in the water catchment area
Provide a brief description of the catchment area (Figure 3) (in case of a groundwater scheme of the aquifer and its main recharge area) and an indication of the main hazardous events in the water catchment area (water quality, water availability, landslides, catchment deterioration, expansion of agricultural border) that may affect system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 14). It is important to indicate whether the water utility by itself can do something in the water catchment or that it depends on other actors. This may include for example climate change related problems or over pumping by other actors.
| 1 | The discharge of sewage waste into the valley without treatment, causing pollution of the fields | C,M,IS=Chemical,Microbial, Interruption in supply | 5 = very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Population crawl towards the fields | IS,M=Interruption in supply,Microbial | 5 = very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 3 | High total solids (T.D.S), sulfates (so4), sodium (NA)) and nitrates. (No3) in the Al-Awsha field, more than what is allowed for the guidelines and specifications of the World Health Organization, especially sulfates, which cause diarrhea, especially in children. | M,C,P=Microbial,Chemical,physical | 3 = serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
Table 16. Important risks in the water source and water intake
Provide a brief description of the water source(s) and water intake(s) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 15). This may include contamination of the source, deteriorating water quality in the source, lack of power sources, falling water table, damages of the intake due to war, flooding or other causes. If several boreholes exist, it may be an option to combine the description of the boreholes that tap the same aquifer, to minimize the length of the report. Yet it is essential that specific risks and hazardous events that are related to specific boreholes, such as high sensitivity to war damages, conflict points, or technical cracks in cover or casing that affect water quality of the borehole. Also provide a brief description of possible water loss that may take place in the water intake or transmission lines (Table 16). Whereas this is not included in the definition of non-revenue water it is important to understand the situation and explore whether this water loss can be prevented as it may make more water available for the water system or for other users. Water losses due to illegal use from the wells field or in the transmission lines for irrigation purposes consumes massive amount of water compared to domestic illegal uses.
| 1 | An available of standby pump and spare parts. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Frequently Pumps break down. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | The lack of water required to cover the city due to minimum existing water resources. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 4 | Unavailability of a sterilization station | M,C=microbial,chemical | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 5 | Energy supply problems in most pumps | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 6 | Present the stations of Al-Sawda and Al-Shabaka | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 7 – 10 High risk |
Overview of the Technical Design of Lc Boreholes
| Figure 4. Overview of the Technical Design of Lc Boreholes |  |
|---|
Table 17. Water loss in the water intake
Provide a brief description of the transmission main (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, water meter(s) and valves) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 17). This may include: leaking pipes, old pipes, landslides, poor reparations, illegal connections, etc. In case of pumping issues may be lack of fuel, poor electricity supply, inadequate maintenance etc. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place (Table 18).
| 1 | Connection losses | 1 L/S , 10% |
| 2 | Losses of consumption by field dwellers. | 2 L/S, 20% |
Picture of a diagram of the transmission lines
| Overview of the Technical Design of Sana’a Lc Boreholes | |
|---|
Table 18 Important risks in the transmission main
Provide a brief description of the transmission main (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, water meter(s) and valves) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 17). This may include: leaking pipes, old pipes, landslides, poor reparations, illegal connections, etc. In case of pumping issues may be lack of fuel, poor electricity supply, inadequate maintenance etc. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place (Table 18).
| 1 | Less Capacity of transmission lines from the wellfields to the city. | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Breakdown & Explosion of pumping & transmission lines in Alosha Well field due to finished Live span. | M,IS=microbial, interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | Unavailability of main meters at the entrances to the city. | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 7 – 10 high risk |
| 4 | Residents of areas located near the fence of well fields drink water without pay and refuse to install meters. | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 7 – 10 high risk |
| 5 | Unavailability of service vehicle for maintenance and operation work. | IS = Interruption in supply | 3 = serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | 7 – 10 high risk |
Table 19. Water loss in the transmission main
Table 19. Water loss in the transmission main
| 1 | Many explosions as a result of worn out and outdated main line. Water pollution as a result of leaks in the main pumping lines. Lack of maintenance spare parts for the pumping line when it breaks or there are leaks in it. The material type of the pumping line is asbestos, which is a dangerous substance and is not suitable for water lines and its impact on public health. | 2 L/S , 20% |
A picture or diagram of the treatment system and chlorination plants
| Figure 6. A picture or diagram of the treatment system and chlorination plants | |
|---|
Table 20. Important risks related to the water treatment system
Hazard type: M = microbial, C = chemical, P = physical, IS = interruption in supply
Effect: 1 = minimal effect; 3 = serious impact, 5 = very serious impact
Frequency: Rare (1) < 1% of the time, cases, connections; Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time, cases, connections; Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases, connections
| 1 | Absence of chlorine system. | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 5=Very serious impact | 3= Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | No treatment for drinking water. | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 5=Very serious impact | 3= Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | Absence of chlorine meters. | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 3 = Serious impact | 3= Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases | 7 – 10 High risk |
Table 21. Water loss in the treatment system
Table 21. Water loss in the treatment system
Pictures of typical meter situation and storage tanks
| Figure 7: Pictures of typical meter situation and storage tanks | |
|---|
Table 22. Important risks in the storage reservoir(s)
Provide a brief description of the storage reservoir(s) (Figure 7) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 21). This may include: leakages, damage because of the war, contamination, lack of maintenance. In case water chlorination is included in the storage reservoir than this also needs to be described (and this may entail problems with the supply of chlorine. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place including water that may be lost through the overflow or water used for cleaning (Table 22).
| 1 | High total solids (T.D.S), sulfates (so4), sodium (NA)) and nitrates. (No3) coming from Al-Awsha field is far from what is allowed for the guidelines and specifications of the World Health Organization, especially sulfates, which cause diarrhea, especially in children. | M,C,P=microbial,chemical,physical | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 2 | Leaks in tanks and some tanks are worn out | M,IS,P=microbial, interruption in supply,physical | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 3 | Existing lockers are not enough | M,IS,P=microbial, interruption in supply,physical | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 4 | The tanks do not have a sanctuary (wall) | M = microbial | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 5 | Unavailability of communication devices between stations and legitimate tanks | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 3 – 6 Medium risk |
Table 23. Water loss in water storage reservoir
Table 23. Water loss in water storage reservoir
| 1 | Leakage in Tanks | 10% - 1L/S |
Water Distribution Network Diagram
| Figure 8: Diagram of water distribution networks | |
|---|
Table 24. Important risks in the distribution system(s
Provide a brief description of the distribution system(s) (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, overflow, water meter(s) and valves) and a schematic drawing of the system (Figure 8). Indicate the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 23). This may include: intermittent water supply (rationing), high leakage, illegal connections, inadequate repairs, damage due to the war. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place and the water pressure distribution (Table 24).
| 1 | Ilegel connections from the citizens. | IS,M,C=interruption in supply,Microbial,chemical | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Significant losses of water in networks 3 | IS = interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | The lack of water required to cover the city due to the lack of existing water sources. | SI,M,C,P=interruption in supply, Microbial, chemical, physical | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 4 | Captured feeding causes negative pressure that pulls material out of the mesh 9 | SI,M,C,P=interruption in supply, Microbial, chemical, physical | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 5 | Old and worn out network leads to increased losses | P,IS=physical, interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 6 | Unavailability of main meters at city entrances | SI,M,C,P=interruption in supply, Microbial, chemical, physical | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 7 | The percentage of standing meters increased by | P,IS=physical, interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 8 | Unavailability of a meter workshop and meter stock running out | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 9 | The south and east of Ataq city are not connected to the public network | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
Table 25. Water loss in water distribution system
| 1 | Leakage in lines and meters | 2 - 20% Liter/sec |
| 2 | Illegal connections | 2 - 20% Liter/sec |
A picture of the condition of the meter and the household tank
| Figure 9: Picture of the case of the meter and the household tank |  |
|---|
Table 26. Important risks in Household water storage
Provide a brief description of household water situation (type of water meter, household water storage (size, type of material) (Figure 9) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 25). Explore whether risks are gender specific. Give an indication of the water loss that may take place (flowing toilets, plumbing problems, leaking taps, including water that may be lost through the overflow of storage tanks (Table 26).
| 1 | The height of the underground tanks above the ground level | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Lack of regular hygiene | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 3 | The provisions of covering the tank lead to the entry of insects | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
Table 27. Water loss at household level
| 1 | Inaccurate readings | 1L\s 10% |
| 2 | illegal connections | 2 l\s 20% |
Pictures of alternative water sources
| Figure 10: Pictures of alternative water sources | |
|---|
Table 28. Important risks in alternative water systems
Provide a brief description of alternative water systems (Figure 10), the level of use by consumers and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect these systems, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 27). This may include for example local water distribution points that provide water to the community which they receive from tankers (paid by humanitarian organizations), local wells and rainwater systems. In the Yemeni context alternative water sources may be an important source for drinking water and may for example entail a risk of spreading cholera, but also may affect water sales of the utility, affecting its financial sustainability and resilience.
| 1 | The danger of pollution in the water | C,M=microbial,chemical | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Poor water quality | C,M=microbial,chemical | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 3 | Increase minerals in alternative water | C = chemical | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 4 | The high price of a water bowl | IS = interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 5 | Lack of trust in the institution | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
Table 29. Less important risks that were identified
Table 29: Less important risks that were identified
| 1 | Economic collapse and high rising cost of living led to the reluctance of citizens to pay water invoices. | IS = interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Lack of clarity in the organizational structure in job description and responsibility determination. | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 3 | The Local authority imposed its in internal appointments. | ADM = Administration and customer relations | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 4 | Lack of employee motivation affects the performance of the institution.(stopping of training-weak job loyalty- non payment of bonuses and incentives). | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 5 | There is an imbalance between the number of employees and the required specialties. | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 6 | Show fake accounts in asset depreciation installments that lead to the emergence of a financial deficit. | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 7 | Unavailability of main meters at the entrances to the city. | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 8 | Increase of percentage Barked houses Meters. | IS = interruption in supply | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 9 | Breakdown & Explotion of pumping & transimitions lines in Alosha Wellfeild due to Live span. | IS,M,C=interruption in supply,Microbial,chemical | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 10 | Unavailability of sewage equipments & tools (suction buzzer- clogging cars & cranes) and most of them are out of service & need to maintenance. | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 11 | Unavailability of occupational safety tools for staff. | M,C=Microbial,Chemical | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
Table 30. Intervention to reduce risk of water tariff not covering cost
Intervention to reduce risk of water tariff not covering cost
Table 31. Intervention to Very high NRW (technical and financial losses)
Intervention to Very high NRW (technical and financial losses)
Table 32. Intervention to reduce risk of high fuel prices and frequent fuel crises (Fuel Instability)
Intervention to reduce risk of high fuel prices and frequent fuel crises (Fuel Instability)
table 33.Intervention to reduce risk of households water storage tanks
In this section, the proposed actions to improve the system and enhance its resilience are presented in some detail. In this version of the report the activities related to only one of the main risks are presented in table (A2.10.1); in the final version also the other priority actions will be included.
table 34: Intervention to reduce risk of sewers blockage
In this section, the proposed actions to improve the system and enhance its resilience are presented in some detail. In this version of the report the activities related to only one of the main risks are presented in table (34); in the final version also the other priority actions will be included.
