Water and Sanitation Local Cooperation's RSIP

 2022-05-27  Resilience and Service Improvement Plan for Shibam General Water and Sanitation Corporation – Shibam Branch

Water and Sanitation Local Cooperation's RSIP

Annotated content page RSIP(Note for the reader; this annotated content page has been developed to facilitate the development of the Resilience and Service Improvement Plan (RSIP) report

1 Summary of the plan

This section provides a brief summary of the main problems and actions that were identified to enhance the performance of the utility and improve its resilience. The summary presents the main problems and solutions that have been identified related to the financial, administrative and technical performance, whilst also looking at possible environmental and man-made threats (Table 1).This section visualizes a brief summery for the main problems and procedures that were identified to enhance the performance of the utilities and improve its resilience plan. The summery also demonstrates main problems and the optimal solutions that have been identified regarding Financial, administrative and technical performance. It also highlights the possible environmental and humanitarian threats.

Table 1 Summary of main problems, proposed actions and time frame

The main problems and proposed actions are briefly presented below under three* main subheadings:

Financial, administrative and consumer related risks

Risk and intervention 1: …….. (just the name or a brief explanation of the problem; followed by the proposed intervention in a little more detail than indicated in the table)

Risk and intervention 2: …..

Risk and intervention 3: ……

Technical risks

Risk and intervention 1: …….

Risk and intervention 2: ……..

Risk and intervention 3: …….

This summery will very much help sharing the planned activities with different actors.

#Priority RiskRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1Employees do not receive their salaries and fees regularly and in full, and workers’ fees are low.<3 Low risk
2The absence of a modern electronic system that includes a database and correct information (administrative - financial - subscriber accounts - stores), which affects the level of performance in the branch(7 – 10) High risk
3Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff because of their lack of qualification, as well as a lack of qualified staff, which causes a low level of performance> 10 Intolerable risk
4The branch’s low ability to collect debts from subscribers, especially from the government sector, and thus increase the burdens on the branch and its inability to continue providing water and sanitation services> 10 Intolerable risk
5The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branch> 10 Intolerable risk
6Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraft> 10 Intolerable risk
7The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branch> 10 Intolerable risk
8Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraft> 10 Intolerable risk
9Depletion of groundwater for agricultureintolerable risk
10High energy costs and lack of fuel raise production costsintolerable risk
11Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performanceintolerable risk
12Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenanceintolerable risk
13Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performanceintolerable risk
14Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenanceintolerable risk
15Damage of the previous collection basins, so the branch does not have a sewage treatment plant, which leads to the emptying of sewage into water stream way (Alsyaalah)high risk
16The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage networkintolerable risk
17The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage networkintolerable risk
18The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage networkintolerable risk
19The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage networkintolerable risk

2 Introduction

The resilience and service improvement plan (RSIP) for the water utility ……….. was developed in ….., by a small team of .. persons (Annex 1). It presents an overview of the water supply and sewerage system, its main components, and the main problems related to the performance of the organization and the risks that have been identified related to the water quality, quantity and continuity of the water supply waste water services. It outlines the envisaged actions that have been prioritised to be implemented to enhance performance and improve resilience to respond to natural and manmade disasters. It includes a time frame, an indication of responsible actors, and provides a brief description of the monitoring and review process that is envisaged. The plan also looks at the risks related to the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 virus.

Revise text: Whereas there is no indication of transmission of this virus through water supply, the pandemic may cause serious disruptions in system operations This may include shortage of staff, power disruptions, and shortages of chemicals and other supplies, caused for example by Government directives. Protecting the health and safety of employees needs to be emphasized in the risk mitigation plan to ensure that essential functions can be maintained..

The RSIP was approved by …. on …. (date), and will be reviewed on …. (date)

Table 2. Basic information about the utility and its customers

This section provides basic information of the water utility and its customers (Table 2)

Name of the utilityThe General Corporation for Water and Sanitation / Shibam Branch
City/GovernorateAl Mahwit / Shibam
City Population75000
Number of customers (water supply / wastewater)Water22,575 & San 3,521
Water supply/ Waste water coverageWater 30% & San. 4.6%
How many internally displaced persons (IDP) are served by the system (and % of IDP in area)500 for sewage & 2257 for water
Per capita water demand (l/c/d)60 liters
Average water demand (m3/day)Untitled1354 m 3
Average water production (m3/day)966
Average water volume billed (m3/day)753
Per capita consumption (l/c/d), (billed)33
Operating hours/day and day/week10.5 hours/day & 2 batches/month
Main Power sourceDiesel-solar generators for (2) wells and pumping station (1)
Number of staff38
Non-revenue water (NRW) (%)22%
Average volume of waste water produced (m3/day)132 m 3
Average volume of waste water treated (m3/day)The treatment plant is out of service

Table 3a. Financial performance of the water branch of the utility

Financial performance of the water branch of the utility

Rate revenues(metered) per year100209602
Income from flat rates (not metered) per year-
Income from commercial customers per year-
Income from public taps, if any per year-
Subsidy (government, municipality) per year24000000
Other income (specify) per year-
Total annual income124209602
Total annual expenditures152,244,639.12
Collection efficiency (payment received/billed amount/year)93%
Annual cost recovery from users (income from users /expenditures)-
Average cost of water production and distribution (per m3)567

Table 3b. Financial performance of the waste water branch

Table 3b. Financial performance of the waste water branch (This table only need to be included if cost for water and sanitation are available separately)

Income from waste water (WW) charges to users per year-
Income from WW charges to commercial customers per year-
Subsidy (government, municipality) per year-
Other income (specify) per year-
Total annual income-
Total annual expenditures-
Collection efficiency (payment received/billed amount/year)-
Annual cost recovery from users (income from users /expenditures)-
Average cost of waste water discharge and treatment (per m3)-

Table 4. Main cost items for the water and waste water (cost in $ per year) (2019)

Table 4. Main cost items for the water and waste water (cost in $ per year)

Staff cost for water supply 0
Staff cost for waste water0
Staff cost-Total cost per year34805539.18
Transport cost (vehicles etc.) for water supply 0
Transport cost (vehicles etc.) for waste water0
Transport cost (vehicles etc.)-Total cost per year26283915.66
Energy cost for water supply 0
Energy cost for waste water 0
Energy cost (also includes maintenance cost of all transport) - Total cost per year0
Chemicals costs for water supply0
Chemicals costs for waste water 0
Chemicals costs-Total cost per year0
Materials costs for water supply 0
Materials costs for waste water 0
Materials costs -Total cost per year13038000
Contracts for larger repairs for water supply0
Contracts for larger repairs for waste water 0
Contracts for larger repairs -Total cost per year23809668.83
Others for water supply0
Others for waste water 0
Others-Total cost per year17597514.38
Total annual cost for water supply0
Total annual cost for waste water 0
Total annual cost- Total cost per year115534641.49
The cost items include the monetary value of the in-kind contributions the utility receives; The table does not include cost related to system expansion If cost for water and waste water cannot be separated then just fill the last column-

Table 5 Water balance

One key tool to assess the situation in the utility is the water balance (Table 5). Filling out the water balance will give an indication of the performance of the utility in terms of water supply. On average in 2019 a volume of …. m3 is put into supply and on average a volume of …. m3 is being billed to customers. A more detailed estimate of the water balance is presented in Table 5.

This overview only concerns the water loss as defined by IWA, which is about the water that is produced and put into supply. In addition however water may be ‘lost’ in the intake structure and in the transmission main to the water treatment plant, (or water tank with disinfection), the treatment process (backwash) and the transmission to water storage tanks.

Authorized consumption m3 -
Authorized consumption Billed m3 271054 m3
Authorized consumption Billed metered Volume m3266202 m3
Authorized consumption Billed unmetered Volume m3-
Authorized consumption Billed Unpaid metered (partly delayed payment)Volume m34852 m3
Authorized consumption Billed Unpaid unmetered Volume m3-
Authorized consumption unbilled Volume m3-
Authorized consumption unbilled metered Volume m3-
Authorized consumption unbilled unmetered m3-
Water losses m3-
Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) m3m3 12144
Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) - Metering inaccuracies volume m3m3 64562
Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) - Unauthorized consumption (illegal connections)volume m3-
Water losses Real losses volume m3-
Water losses Real losses Leakages in storage reservoirs, distribution mains and service lines volume m3-
Water losses-Real losses -Overflow of water tanks, flushing of pipes volume m3-
Total Revenue water-Authorized\consumption266202 m3
Total non revenue water m3-

Table 6 Main financial and organizational problems and risks

In this section the main financial and organizational problems are being presented that may jeopardize the performance and the resilience of the utility. Hazardous events in this area may relate to financing, administration and customer relationships (Table 6). The main hazardous events have to be identified and the risks have to be assessed to be able to prioritize action.

Problems may include a high level of non-revenue water. It may be this is already known in more detail (high water physical water loss, many illegal connections, and water meter inaccuracies). It may also be a more general problem of water tariffs that are not covering the cost, a large number of displaced persons with limited resources, or because other financial resources such as support from external organizations may be at risk.

Administrative problems may include: high staff turnover, weak staff regulations, administrative difficulties such as meter reading, inaccurate customer data base, as well as not following up on customer complaints.

#Hazardous event (and how the problem may affect service provision or the utility) HazardEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1Employees do not receive their salaries and fees regularly and in full, and workers’ fees are low.LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers1 = Minimal effect2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time<3 Low risk
2The absence of a modern electronic system that includes a database and correct information (administrative - financial - subscriber accounts - stores), which affects the level of performance in the branchLF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers 3 = Serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time(7 – 10) High risk
3Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff because of their lack of qualification, as well as a lack of qualified staff, which causes a low level of performanceLF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk
4The branch’s low ability to collect debts from subscribers, especially from the government sector, and thus increase the burdens on the branch and its inability to continue providing water and sanitation servicesIS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk
5The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branchIS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk
6Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraftLF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk
7The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branchIS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk
8Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraftLF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk

3 Review of risks in the water supply system

This section provides an overview of the system including some key characteristics (Table 7), a map with the system components (Figure 1) and an overview of the main risks that have been identified (Table 8). These risks may relate to different types of hazards including the deterioration of the biological, chemical or physical water quality, problems related to the availability of water, interruption of water distribution. The information presented in this chapter is based on the detailed assessment of each component of the water system presented in Annex 2.

Table 7. Basic information about the water supply system

This section provides an overview of the system including some key characteristics (Table 7), a map with the system components (Figure 1) and an overview of the main risks that have been identified (Table 8). These risks may relate to different types of hazards including the deterioration of the biological, chemical or physical water quality, problems related to the availability of water, interruption of water distribution. The information presented in this chapter is based on the detailed assessment of each component of the water system presented in Annex 2.

Type of water source(s)subterranean wells
Number of boreholes and capacity (l/s)4 wells - 219 liters per second
Depth of boreholes (range)Well No. 4, 150 m deep Well No. 5 with a depth of 84 m Well No. 6 with a depth of 194 m Well No. 7, 240m deep
Age (average and range)22 years from 2000 - 2022
Average water production (m3/day)966
Type of water treatmentNothing
Design capacity (m3/day)753
Transmission lines + pumping mains (km)29,896 km
Distribution system (service connections) (km)87 km
Water storage tanks (number& total capacity in m3)9 / 1600 m 3
Number of operating water pumps10 hours/day average
Spare pumpsNon
Number of house connections (W &WW)3225
Part of house connections with meters (%)100%
Number of public, social and utility standpoints0
Operating hours/day and day/week10 hours / day average & 2 shifts / month
Main Power sourceDiesel generators + solar energy (2) wells and pumping station (1)
Number of bulk water meters6
Non-revenue water (NRW)22%
Commercial losses (%) of NRW4%
Leakage (%) of NRW18%
Average operating pressure (m) and range160m
Number of pipe bursts (No/km/year)-
Specific damages caused by the warDestruction of the Kawkaban network - the destruction of the technical equipment that was in the stores due to the bombing on it
Schematic drawing of the system and its main components

Table 8. Summary of important hazards and risks in the components of the water system

Hazard type: M = microbial, C = chemical, P = physical, IS = interruption in supply.

Effect: 1 = minimal effect; 3 = serious impact, 5 = very serious impact

Frequency: Rare (1) < 1% of the time, cases, connections, area; Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time, cases, connections, area; Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases, connections, area

Risk levels (frequency x effect): low risk < 3; medium risk 3 – 6; high risk 7 – 10; intolerable risk > 10

#Priority Risk HazardEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1Depletion of groundwater for agricultureP = Physical5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timeintolerable risk
2High energy costs and lack of fuel raise production costsIS = Interruption in supply5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timeintolerable risk
3Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performanceIS = Interruption in supply5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timeintolerable risk
4Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenanceIS = Interruption in supply5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timeintolerable risk
5Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performanceIS = Interruption in supply5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timeintolerable risk
6Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenanceIS = Interruption in supply5=Very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timeintolerable risk

Overview of the water supply system

Figure 1. Overview of the water supply system

4 Waste water related problems

In this section the proposed actions to improve performance and enhance resilience are presented in some detail. The activities for each main risk are presented in a separate table (29 etc., ……)

Table 9. Basic information about the waste water system

This section provides an overview of the sewer system and waste water treatment plants, including some key characteristics (Table 9) and a map with the system components (Figure 2).


Name-
Average annual flow (m3/year)47572
Type of waste water treatment (and age)The plant is out of service
Annual average design flow (m3/year)21883
Length of sewerage system (km) 2 km
Design organic load (BOD)-
Actual inlet organic load (BOD)-
Efficiency: outflow organic load (BOD)-
Age of distribution system (average and range)-
Number of service connections503
Number of sewer left stations-
Operating hours/day-
Main power source-
Number of waste water overflow points-
Specific damages caused by the war-

​Table 10. Summary of important hazards and risks related to waste water​

Table 10 presents the main hazardous events and risks that have been identified. These risks may relate to different types of events including blockage of sewers causing contamination of housing areas, deterioration of the infrastructure, pumping problems, interruption or malfunctioning of the treatment system generating odour problems or fly nuisance but also low connection ratio in areas where onsite systems are causing problems. If wastewater management and financing is separated from the management of the water supply system, than risks may also include financing and staff problems. The resulting hazards may include contamination of the service area and of downstream water sources which may contribute to the spread of disease including for example cholera. In case a considerable number of risks exist a good option to consider is to present a more detailed analysis in an annex and just summarise the situation in Table 10.

#Hazardous event (and how hazard may arise) HazardEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1Damage of the previous collection basins, so the branch does not have a sewage treatment plant, which leads to the emptying of sewage into water stream way (Alsyaalah)CS,RDW: Contamination service area،Risk of polluting drinking water 3 = Serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timehigh risk
2The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage networkCS,GS, PF, OP=Contamination service area,Groundwater contamination، Proliferation of flies،Odour problems ,5= very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timeintolerable risk
3The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage networkCS,GS, PF, OP=Contamination service area,Groundwater contamination، Proliferation of flies،Odour problems ,5= very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timeintolerable risk
4The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage networkCS,GS, PF, OP=Contamination service area,Groundwater contamination، Proliferation of flies،Odour problems ,5= very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timeintolerable risk
5The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage networkCS,GS, PF, OP=Contamination service area,Groundwater contamination، Proliferation of flies،Odour problems ,5= very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the timeintolerable risk

The wastewater treatment system components

Figure 3: Picture of the basin area (watershed)

5 Overview of the main risks and possible control measures

Table 11. Effect of control measures on important risk

In this section the main risks that were identified in chapter 2, 3, and 4 are listed (Table 11). For some of these the utility may already have put already control measures or other interventions in place that may reduce the risk if effective or not. This needs to be taken into account in the final priority setting related to the different risks that were established in section 2, 3, and 4. To clarify this issue we can look at some examples. A possible hazardous event may be that a borehole gets contaminated because of inflow of water from the surface due to poor protection of the well head. Flooding may happen a few times a year (score 3 likely) and impact is serious (3) so risk is 9. The utility may have arranged for disinfecting wells after flooding, but this may not prevent water draining into the well when it rains. So the control measure does not seem effective. Hence despite the control measure the risk does remain 9. Another hazardous event may be experienced staff leaving the utility. A control measure that may have been put in place is to develop standard operating procedures so new staff knows what to do, but this may not be sufficient to overcome the lack of experience. So in that case the risk still may be high and this then requires a more in-depth analysis of the causes of experienced staff leaving

#ComponentPriority RiskExisting control measure (mitigation in place)TimeeffectRisk remaining taking with control measure
1ADM = Administration and customer relationsThe lack of oil derivatives and their high pricesInstalling 3 solar Energy systems + diesel support from UNICEF-Slight = Slight effect on risk>10 Very high risk
2ADM = Administration and customer relationsDestruction of the main building of the branch along with the main store due to air strikesRenting an office and stores as an emergency and temporary solution-Slight = Slight effect on risk>10 Very high risk
3F= FinanceNon-payment of government debtThe Public Corporation for Water and Sanitation has been raised to the government's debt in order to barter with insurance and electricity-No = No effect>10 Very high risk
4SI = Source/IntakeDepletion of groundwater for the agriculture and qat irrigation, which caused a decrease in the productivity of (4) wells of the branchOfficial notes have been submitted to the competent authorities to arrest them and prevent them from draining water-Slight = Slight effect on risk>10 Very high risk
5SI = Source/IntakeLow groundwater level due to lack of barriers to harvest rainwater to recharge groundwaterNo action has been taken-No = No effect>10 Very high risk
6TM = Transmission MainSome of the pumping lines and network pipes are worn out, leading to increased lossesRepair and replacement of some pipes and carry out periodic maintenance as soon as possible-Slight = Slight effect on risk7 – 10 High risk
7SI = Source/IntakeThe lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in the stores of the branch, which affects the maintenanceParts purchased first-Slight = Slight effect on risk>10 Very high risk
8TR = TreatmentConnecting the hospitals and health centers to the main sewage networkNo action has been taken-No = No effect>10 Very high risk
9TM = Transmission MainCitizens use the sewage water to irrigate their agricultural crops, which leads to spread the epidemics and diseases, as a result of the treatment plant stopping working, which requires rapid intervention to return it to work.They were prevented and a complaint was submitted to the control authorities and obligated them not to use sewage water for the sake of their safety-Slight = Slight effect on risk>10 Very high risk
10TM = Transmission MainThe citizens directly connected the swage to the swage network to drain the houses water with waste which causes blockage ofThey were seized and filtered for dust and waste, and connecting rooms before the main network-Slight = Slight effect on risk>10 Very high risk
11TM = Transmission MainCitizens use the sewage water to irrigate their agricultural crops, which leads to spread the epidemics and diseases, as a result of the treatment plant stopping working, which requires rapid intervention to return it to work.They were prevented and a complaint was submitted to the control authorities and obligated them not to use sewage water for the sake of their safety-Slight = Slight effect on risk>10 Very high risk
12TM = Transmission MainThe citizens directly connected the swage to the swage network to drain the houses water with waste which causes blockage ofThey were seized and filtered for dust and waste, and connecting rooms before the main network-Slight = Slight effect on risk>10 Very high risk

6. Action plan for prioritised resilience risks

Table 12. Summary of action plan for prioritised risks related to the finance and administration

This section presents an action plan for the prioritised performance and resilience risks that relate to financing, organization, administration, and customer relations (Table 12). Some lower priority actions may also be included in the table if they are very easy to overcome at low or no cost. For the actions, it is essential to take a gender sensitive approach and take into account gender specific data.

#ComponentMain intervention(s)Responsible TimeCostHazardous event (and how the problem may affect service provision or the utility) Risk levels (frequency x effect)
1ADM = administration and customer relationsConducting training coursesAdmin14 months -Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraft> 10 Intolerable risk
2ADM = administration and customer relations----The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branch> 10 Intolerable risk
3F=Finance1. Preparing the tariff study 2. Approve it by the official authorities, taking into account the current conditions of the country and the high cost of livingFinancial management + subscriber management + branch manager8 months-Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff because of their lack of qualification, as well as a lack of qualified staff, which causes a low level of performance> 10 Intolerable risk
4ADM = administration and customer relations----The branch’s low ability to collect debts from subscribers, especially from the government sector, and thus increase the burdens on the branch and its inability to continue providing water and sanitation services> 10 Intolerable risk
5ADM = administration and customer relations----The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branch> 10 Intolerable risk
6F=Finance----Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraft> 10 Intolerable risk
7F=Finance----The absence of a modern electronic system that includes a database and correct information (administrative - financial - subscriber accounts - stores), which affects the level of performance in the branch(7 – 10) High risk
8ADM = administration and customer relationsinstalling integrated pumping units powered by solar energy for the wells operating in the branch with pumping stations, or assisting the corporation in digging additional wells and installing integrated pumping units powered by solar energy.Leadership of the general corporation and the branch + donor organizationsTwo years and eight months-Employees do not receive their salaries and fees regularly and in full, and workers’ fees are low.<3 Low risk

Table 13. Summary of action plan for prioritised water supply performance risks.

#ComponentIntervention(s)ResponsibleTimeCost ($)Priority Risk Risk levels (frequency x effect)
1SI = Source/Intake or boreholeImplementation of the new network Raising the necessary needs of generators, pumps and spare partsBranch management + Donor OrganizationsOne year and 6 months-High energy costs and lack of fuel raise production costsintolerable risk
2TM = Transmission Main,Study preparation Find a sponsorBranch Manager + Donor Organizations4 years and 4 months-Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performanceintolerable risk
3SI = Source/Intake or borehole1. Discussing the official authorities 2. Establishing and implementing controlsBranch manager and relevant authorities in the region2 years and ten months-Depletion of groundwater for agricultureintolerable risk
4TM = Transmission Main,Study preparation Find a sponsorBranch Manager + Donor Organizations4 years and 4 months-Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenanceintolerable risk
5TM = Transmission Main,Study preparation Find a sponsorBranch Manager + Donor Organizations4 years and 4 months-Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performanceintolerable risk
6TM = Transmission Main,Study preparation Find a sponsorBranch Manager + Donor Organizations4 years and 4 months-Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenanceintolerable risk

Table 14. Summary of action plan for prioritised wastewater performance risks

#ComponentMain intervention(s)ResponsibleTimeCost ($)Hazardous event (and how hazard may arise) Risk levels (frequency x effect)
1TM=Transmission MainPrevent farmers from using wastewater 1- Conducting an awareness-raisin g workshop for farmers 2- Making controls on violators 3- Raise it to the official authorities to seize themBranch management + donor organization s4 years and 9 months-The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage networkintolerable risk
2SS = Sewer System0000The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage networkintolerable risk
3SS = Sewer System0000The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage networkintolerable risk
4SS = Sewer System0000The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage networkintolerable risk
5SS = Sewer System0000Damage of the previous collection basins, so the branch does not have a sewage treatment plant, which leads to the emptying of sewage into water stream way (Alsyaalah)high risk

7. Proposed monitoring system

The proposed monitoring comprises two main issues: overall monitoring of the monthly performance of the water supply and waste water system and progress with the implementation of the RSIP.

In this section it is also important to indicate when the RSIP will be reviewed and revised as needed (possibly on an annual basis).

Annex 1 RSIP Team and list of advisors that where consulted

The proposed monitoring system needs to cover system performance, effectivity op control measures, and implementation of the RSIP.

In this section it is also important to indicate when the RSIP will be reviewed and revised as needed (possibly on an annual basis).

#NameOrganizationRole in teamContact NumberEmail
1Abdullah Mufaddal Al WaliShibam BranchBranch General Manager777770853Abdallahalwly@gmail.com
2Khadija Saleh AliShibam Branchcomputer778211148Khadijasaleh777@gmail.com
3Dr. Sharafaddin Abdullah AhmedWECSupervisor777665575Sharaf1960s@gmail.com
4Eng. Amien Abdoraboh Al-MowriSana’a LCSupervisor777474841-
5Dr. Sharafaddin Abdullah AhmedWECSupervisor777665575Sharaf1960s@gmail.com
6Eng. Amien Abdoraboh Al-MowriSana’a LCSupervisor777474841-

Overview of the boreholes used for the water supply

Overview of the boreholes used for the water supply

Table 15. Important risks in the water catchment area

Provide a brief description of the catchment area (Figure 3) (in case of a groundwater scheme of the aquifer and its main recharge area) and an indication of the main hazardous events in the water catchment area (water quality, water availability, landslides, catchment deterioration, expansion of agricultural border) that may affect system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 14). It is important to indicate whether the water utility by itself can do something in the water catchment or that it depends on other actors. This may include for example climate change related problems or over pumping by other actors.

#Hazardous event (and how hazard may enter/ affect system) Hazard typeEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1Depletion of groundwater in agriculture and qat irrigation, which affects the water level in the wells belonging to the branch and makes some of them out of serviceIS = Interruption in supply5 = very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk

Table 16. Important risks in the water source and water intake

Provide a brief description of the water source(s) and water intake(s) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 15). This may include contamination of the source, deteriorating water quality in the source, lack of power sources, falling water table, damages of the intake due to war, flooding or other causes. If several boreholes exist, it may be an option to combine the description of the boreholes that tap the same aquifer, to minimize the length of the report. Yet it is essential that specific risks and hazardous events that are related to specific boreholes, such as high sensitivity to war damages, conflict points, or technical cracks in cover or casing that affect water quality of the borehole. Also provide a brief description of possible water loss that may take place in the water intake or transmission lines (Table 16). Whereas this is not included in the definition of non-revenue water it is important to understand the situation and explore whether this water loss can be prevented as it may make more water available for the water system or for other users. Water losses due to illegal use from the wells field or in the transmission lines for irrigation purposes consumes massive amount of water compared to domestic illegal uses.

#Hazardous event (and how hazard may enter/ affect system) Hazard typeEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1Depletion of groundwater for agricultureP = physical5=very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk
2Some of the pumping lines and network pipes are worn out, causing an increase in lossesP = physical5=very serious impact2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time7 – 10 High risk
3High energy costs and lack of fuel raise production costsIS = Interruption in supply5=very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk
4Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performanceIS = Interruption in supply5=very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk
5Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenanceIS = Interruption in supply5=very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk
6Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenanceIS = Interruption in supply5=very serious impact3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time> 10 Intolerable risk

Overview of the Technical Design of Lc Boreholes

Figure 4. Overview of the Technical Design of Lc Boreholes

Table 17. Water loss in the water intake

Provide a brief description of the transmission main (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, water meter(s) and valves) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 17). This may include: leaking pipes, old pipes, landslides, poor reparations, illegal connections, etc. In case of pumping issues may be lack of fuel, poor electricity supply, inadequate maintenance etc. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place (Table 18).

#Description of water loss Magnitude* l/s and %
1--

Picture of a diagram of the transmission lines

Overview of the Technical Design of Sana’a Lc Boreholes

Table 18 Important risks in the transmission main

Provide a brief description of the transmission main (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, water meter(s) and valves) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 17). This may include: leaking pipes, old pipes, landslides, poor reparations, illegal connections, etc. In case of pumping issues may be lack of fuel, poor electricity supply, inadequate maintenance etc. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place (Table 18).

#Hazardous event (and how hazard may enter/ affect system) Hazard typeEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1Pipe wear leads to a waste of produced waterIS = Interruption in supply5=very serious impact2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time7 – 10 high risk

Table 19. Water loss in the transmission main

Table 19. Water loss in the transmission main

#Description of water loss Magnitude* l/s and %
1The reason for the wear of the transmission pipes leads to an increase in losses, especially the pumping line to Kawkaban and the pumping line to well No. (5)-

A picture or diagram of the treatment system and chlorination plants

Figure 6. A picture or diagram of the treatment system and chlorination plants

Table 20. Important risks related to the water treatment system​​

Hazard type: M = microbial, C = chemical, P = physical, IS = interruption in supply

Effect: 1 = minimal effect; 3 = serious impact, 5 = very serious impact

Frequency: Rare (1) < 1% of the time, cases, connections; Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time, cases, connections; Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases, connections

#Hazardous event (and how hazard may enter/ affect system) Hazard typeEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1Detrition of Collective reservoir of Tholla area causes water lossIS = interruption in supply5=Very serious impact2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time7 – 10 High risk
2Wadi Alneem reservoir is out of service due to it elevation and volumeIS = interruption in supply5=Very serious impact3= Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases> 10 Intolerable risk
3Wadi Alneem reservoir is out of service due to it elevation and volumeIS = interruption in supply5=Very serious impact3= Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases> 10 Intolerable risk

Table 21. Water loss in the treatment system

Table 21. Water loss in the treatment system

#Description of water loss Magnitude* l/s and %
1--

Pictures of typical meter situation and storage tanks

Figure 7: Pictures of typical meter situation and storage tanks

Table 22. Important risks in the storage reservoir(s)

Provide a brief description of the storage reservoir(s) (Figure 7) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 21). This may include: leakages, damage because of the war, contamination, lack of maintenance. In case water chlorination is included in the storage reservoir than this also needs to be described (and this may entail problems with the supply of chlorine. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place including water that may be lost through the overflow or water used for cleaning (Table 22).

#Hazardous event (and how hazard may enter/ affect system) Hazard typeEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1-M = microbial1 = Minimal effect1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time<3 Low risk

Table 23. Water loss in water storage reservoir

Table 23. Water loss in water storage reservoir

#Description of water loss Magnitude* l/s and %
1--

Water Distribution Network Diagram

Figure 8: Diagram of water distribution networks

Table 24. Important risks in the distribution system(s

Provide a brief description of the distribution system(s) (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, overflow, water meter(s) and valves) and a schematic drawing of the system (Figure 8). Indicate the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 23). This may include: intermittent water supply (rationing), high leakage, illegal connections, inadequate repairs, damage due to the war. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place and the water pressure distribution (Table 24).

#Hazardous event (how hazard may enter/ affect system) Hazard typeEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1-M = Microbial1 = Minimal effect1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time<3 Low risk

Table 25. Water loss in water distribution system

#Description of water loss Magnitude* l/s and %
1--

A picture of the condition of the meter and the household tank

Figure 9: Picture of the case of the meter and the household tank

Table 26. Important risks in Household water storage

Provide a brief description of household water situation (type of water meter, household water storage (size, type of material) (Figure 9) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 25). Explore whether risks are gender specific. Give an indication of the water loss that may take place (flowing toilets, plumbing problems, leaking taps, including water that may be lost through the overflow of storage tanks (Table 26).

#Hazardous event (and how hazard may enter/ affect system) Hazard typeEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect):
1-M = Microbial1 = Minimal effect1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time<3 Low risk

Table 27. Water loss at household level

#Description of water loss Magnitude* l/s and %
1--

Pictures of alternative water sources

Figure 10: Pictures of alternative water sources

Table 28. Important risks in alternative water systems

Provide a brief description of alternative water systems (Figure 10), the level of use by consumers and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect these systems, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 27). This may include for example local water distribution points that provide water to the community which they receive from tankers (paid by humanitarian organizations), local wells and rainwater systems. In the Yemeni context alternative water sources may be an important source for drinking water and may for example entail a risk of spreading cholera, but also may affect water sales of the utility, affecting its financial sustainability and resilience.

#Hazardous event (how hazard may enter/ affect system) Hazard typeEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1-M = Microbial1 = Minimal effect1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time<3 Low risk

Table 29. Less important risks that were identified

Table 29: Less important risks that were identified

#Hazardous event (how hazard may enter/ affect system) Hazard typeEffectFrequencyRisk levels (frequency x effect)
1-M = microbial1 = Minimal effect1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time<3 Low risk

Table 30. Intervention to reduce risk of water tariff not covering cost

Intervention to reduce risk of water tariff not covering cost

#Problem descriptionCompletionCost ($)Proposed solutionMain activities
1The tariff does not cover operating and maintenance expenses and workers' wages6 months 1 month 1 month-Re-examine the tariff1. Preparing the tariff study 2. Approval by the official authorities 3. Implementation of the study outcomes
2Non-acceptance of retired employees in insurances(1) 2 months (2) 6 month (3) 6 months -Inclusion of employees with insurances1- Paying the overdue debt with the Insurance Branch 2- Discussing the General Authority for Insurance to accept retired employees 3- Accreditation of employees with insurances
3Non-acceptance of retired employees in insurances(1) 2 months (2) 6 month (3) 6 months -Inclusion of employees with insurances1- Paying the overdue debt with the Insurance Branch 2- Discussing the General Authority for Insurance to accept retired employees 3- Accreditation of employees with insurances

Table 31. Intervention to Very high NRW (technical and financial losses)

Intervention to Very high NRW (technical and financial losses)

#Problem descriptionCompletionCost ($)Proposed solutionMain activities
1Depletion of groundwater for agriculture and qat irrigation, which caused a decrease in the productivity of (4) wells for the branch2 months 2 months 6 months 2 years 2 years 2 years-Construction of feeding barriers for wells1. Discussing the official authorities 2. Establishing and implementing controls measures 3. Preparing studies for constructing rainwater harvesting barriers to feed underground wells 4. Find a donor 5. Adoption of barriers to feed the wells 6. constructing rainwater harvesting barriers
2High energy costs and lack of fuel2 months 3 years 6 months-Alternative energy installation1. Preparing study 2. Find a donor 3. Implementing and operating the alternative energy
3Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff6 months 6 months 2 years-Qualification of the staff1. Preparing an institutional analysis study 2. Find a donor 3. Holding training courses
4Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff6 months 6 months 2 yearsQualification of the staff1. Preparing an institutional analysis study 2. Find a donor 3. Holding training courses

Table 32. Intervention to reduce risk of high fuel prices and frequent fuel crises (Fuel Instability)

Intervention to reduce risk of high fuel prices and frequent fuel crises (Fuel Instability)

#Problem descriptionCompletionCost ($)Proposed solutionMain activities
1-----

table 33.Intervention to reduce risk of households water storage tanks

In this section, the proposed actions to improve the system and enhance its resilience are presented in some detail. In this version of the report the activities related to only one of the main risks are presented in table (A2.10.1); in the final version also the other priority actions will be included.

#Problem descriptionCompletionCost ($)Proposed solutionMain activities
1Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generatorsYear and 6 months-Provides engines, pumps and spare parts for generators1. Preparing a needs study 2. Find a sponsor 3. Supply of parts and equipment
2Destruction of the branch building with the main store2 months 4 years 4 months-Building a branch office with the main store1- Preparing a study 2- Find a donor 3- Constructing the office building with the main store

table 34: Intervention to reduce risk of sewers blockage

In this section, the proposed actions to improve the system and enhance its resilience are presented in some detail. In this version of the report the activities related to only one of the main risks are presented in table (34); in the final version also the other priority actions will be included.

#Problem descriptionCompletionCost ($)Proposed solutionMain activities
1No treatment plant4 years-Completion of the new station with the rehabilitation and expansion of the network1. Find a sponsor. 2. Implementation of the project
2Citizens use sewage water to irrigate agricultural crops9 months-Prevent farmers from using wastewater1- Conducting an awareness-raising workshop for farmers 2- Making controls on violators 3- Raise it to the official authorities to seize them